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Shloka 39

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

समुदितबलवाहना: पुनः पुरुषवरेण जिता: स्थ गोग्रहे । सगुरुगुरुसुता: सभीष्मका: किमु न जितः स तदा त्वयार्जुन:,विराटनगरमें गोहरणके समय पुरुषश्रेष्ठ अर्जुनने विशाल बल-वाहनसे सम्पन्न तुम सब लोगोंको द्रोणाचार्य, अश्वत्थामा और भीष्मके सहित परास्त कर दिया था। उस समय तुमने अर्जुनको क्‍यों नहीं जीत लिया?

samuditabalavāhanāḥ punaḥ puruṣavareṇa jitāḥ stha gograhe | sagurugurusutāḥ sabhīṣmakāḥ kimu na jitaḥ sa tadā tvayārjunaḥ ||

ശല്യൻ പറഞ്ഞു—വിരാടനഗരത്തിലെ ഗോഹരണസമയത്ത്, മഹത്തായ സൈന്യവും രഥബലവും ഉണ്ടായിട്ടും നിങ്ങൾ വീണ്ടും ആ പുരുഷശ്രേഷ്ഠനായ അർജുനനാൽ പരാജിതരായി. നിങ്ങളുടെ കൂടെ ദ്രോണാചാര്യൻ, അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ പുത്രൻ അശ്വത്ഥാമാവ്, ഭീഷ്മൻ തുടങ്ങിയ ഗുരുവര്യരും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു; അപ്പോൾ നീ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് അർജുനനെ ജയിച്ചില്ല?

समुदितबलवाहनाःhaving assembled forces and vehicles (chariots, etc.)
समुदितबलवाहनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुदित-बल-वाहन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुरुषवरेणby the best of men (Arjuna)
पुरुषवरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषवर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जिताःdefeated / conquered
जिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
स्थyou were
स्थ:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPerfect (लिट्) / colloquial epic perfect, 2, Plural
गोग्रहेat the cattle-seizure (time/occasion)
गोग्रहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो-ग्रह
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
he
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुगुरुसुताःthe teacher and the teacher’s son (Droṇa and Aśvatthāman)
गुरुगुरुसुताः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु-गुरु-सुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
together with
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
भीष्मकाःBhīṣma (and his side/men)
भीष्मकाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
किम्why? / what (reason)?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
indeed / then (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जितःdefeated
जितः:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
he (Arjuna)
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen / at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Instrumental, Singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

शल्य उवाच

Ś
Śalya
A
Arjuna
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
A
Aśvatthāmā
V
Virāṭa (Virāṭanagara)
G
gograha (cattle-raid episode)

Educational Q&A

Śalya’s challenge underscores an ethical standard in warrior culture: claims of superiority must be grounded in demonstrated capability. Remembering past outcomes restrains arrogance and exposes self-deception, especially when pride can lead to reckless decisions in war.

Śalya, serving as Karṇa’s charioteer, deliberately undermines Karṇa’s confidence by recalling the earlier Virāṭa cattle-raid, where Arjuna defeated the Kaurava side even when senior warriors like Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and Aśvatthāmā were present. He uses this precedent to question how Karṇa expects to defeat Arjuna now.