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Shloka 28

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 20 — Yudhiṣṭhira–Duryodhana Encounter and Escalation of Arms

समभ्यधावन्त भृशं कालदण्डैरिवोद्यतै: । नर्दन्तश्नाह्नयन्तश्न प्रवल्गन्तश्न मारिष,माननीय नरेश! कमर कसे, कवच बाँधे तथा शिरस्त्राण एवं आभूषण धारण किये हुए महाबली योद्धा गरजते, उछलते-कूदते और एक-दूसरेको ललकारते हुए कालदण्डके समान गदा, मूसल और परिघ उठाये परस्पर धावा बोल रहे थे

saṃabhyadhāvanta bhṛśaṃ kāladaṇḍair ivodyataiḥ | nardantaś cāhvayantaś ca pravalgaṃtaś ca māriṣa ||

മാന്യ നരേശാ! യമദണ്ഡംപോലെ ഉയർത്തിപ്പിടിച്ച ആയുധങ്ങളോടെ അവർ അത്യന്തം ഉഗ്രമായി പരസ്പരം നേരെ പാഞ്ഞു; ഗർജിച്ച്, വെല്ലുവിളിച്ച്, ചാടിക്കുതിച്ച് തമ്മിൽ തമ്മിൽ ഇടിച്ചു വീണു।

सम्together, completely
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
अभ्यधावन्तran towards, charged
अभ्यधावन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
भृशम्violently, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
कालदण्डैःwith death-staffs (like Yama's rod)
कालदण्डैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकालदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उद्यतैःraised, uplifted
उद्यतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नर्दन्तःroaring
नर्दन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनर्द्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
आह्वयन्तःcalling/challenging
आह्वयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआह्वा
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रवल्गन्तःleaping about, bounding
प्रवल्गन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रवल्ग्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
मारिषO noble one / sir
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
G
gadā (mace)
M
muśala (pestle/bludgeon)
P
parigha (iron bar)
K
kāladaṇḍa (rod of Death/Yama’s staff, metaphor)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the terrifying momentum of war: when martial fury rises, weapons become ‘kāladaṇḍa’—instruments of death. It implicitly warns how quickly human agency can turn into destructive inevitability, even under the banner of kṣatriya duty.

Sañjaya describes a close-quarters clash: armoured, helmeted warriors roar, leap, and challenge each other while charging with heavy blunt weapons—maces, pestles, and iron bars—raised high, likened to the rod of Death.