Shloka 31

Devanagari script

तेडन्योन्यं समरे सेने युध्यमाने नराधिप

Transliteration

te

1 anyonya samare sene yudhyam1ne nar1dhipa

Translation

ഓ നരാധിപാ! സമരഭൂമിയിൽ ആ രണ്ടു സേനകളും പരസ്പരം മുഖാമുഖമായി നിന്നു തമ്മിൽ യുദ്ധം ആരംഭിച്ചു.

Word by Word

• ते: they (those)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अन्योन्यम्: each other, mutually
• अन्योन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adverb
• Root: अन्योन्य

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सेने: the two armies
• सेने: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Dual

• युध्यमाने: fighting
• युध्यमाने: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle, Ātmanepada usage in sense of fighting), Feminine, Nominative, Dual

• नराधिप: O king (lord of men)
• नराधिप: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhtar1tra
• the two armies (Kaurava and P1ava forces)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the inevitability and intensity of mutual conflict once war is joined, implicitly pointing to the grave ethical weight of battle and the responsibility borne by rulers whose decisions lead armies into such mutual destruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to King Dhtar1tra that the two opposing armies, facing each other on the battlefield, are actively engaged in fighting, with each side contending against the other.