Bhishma Parva Adhyaya 9 Shloka 22 - Mahabharata | Malayalam | Vedapath

Vyasa

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Shloka 22

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

पूर्वाभिरामां वीरां च भीमामोघवतीं तथा । पाशाशिनीं पापहारां महेन्द्रां पाटलावतीम्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

pūrvābhirāmāṃ vīrāṃ ca bhīmām oghavatīṃ tathā |

pāśāśinīṃ pāpahārāṃ mahendrāṃ pāṭalāvatīm ||

Translation

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ നരേശ്വരാ, പൂർവാഭിരാമാ, വീരാ, ഭീമാ, ഓഘവതീ; അതുപോലെ പാശാശിനീ, പാപഹരാ, മഹേന്ദ്രാ, പാടലാവതീ—ഈ നദികളുടെ നാമങ്ങളും (അവിടെ) ഉച്ചരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഈ പട്ടികയിൽ ദേശം തന്നെയൊരു സാക്ഷിയായി വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ടതുപോലെ; ജീവദായിനിയായ നദികളെ നാമംചൊല്ലി സ്മരിക്കുന്നത്, വരാനിരിക്കുന്ന സംഘർഷം മുഴുവൻ രാജ്യത്തെയും അതിന്റെ ധർമ്മക്രമത്തെയും സ്പർശിക്കുമെന്നതിനെ ഉന്നയിക്കുന്നു।

Word by Word

पूर्वाभिरामाम्formerly-delightful/beautiful (river)

वीराम्Vīrā (name of a river)

चand

भीमाम्Bhīmā (name of a river)

ओघवतीम्Oghavatī (abounding in streams; river-name)

तथाlikewise/also

पाशाशिनीम्Pāśāśinī (river-name; 'snare-eating')

पापहाराम्Pāpaharā (sin-removing; river-name)

महेन्द्राम्Mahendrā (river-name; 'great Indra')

पाटलावतीम्Pāṭalāvatī (having pāṭalā trees; river-name)

नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)!

नीवाराNīvārā (river-name)

अहिताAhitā (river-name)

सुप्रयोगाSuprayogā (well-applied; river-name)

पवित्राPavitrā (purifying; river-name)

कुण्डलीKuṇḍalī (coiled; river-name)

सिन्धुSindhu (Indus river)

राजनीRājanī (river-name)

पुरमालिनीPuramālinī (garlanded with towns; river-name)

पूर्वाभिरामाPūrvābhirāmā (river-name)

वीराVīrā (river-name)

भीमाBhīmā (river-name)

ओघवतीOghavatī (river-name)

पाशाशिनीPāśāśinī (river-name)

पापहराPāpaharā (river-name)

महेन्द्राMahendrā (river-name)

पाटलावतीPāṭalāvatī (river-name)

करीषिणीKarīṣiṇī (river-name)

असिक्नीAsiknī (Chenab; river-name)

महानदीMahānadī (great river; river-name)

कुशचीराKuśacīrā (having kuśa-grass banks; river-name)

मकरीMakarī (river-name)

प्रवराPravarā (river-name)

मेनाMenā (river-name)

हेमाHemā (river-name)

घृतवतीGhṛtavatī (abounding in ghee; river-name)

पुरावतीPurāvatī (abounding in towns/ancient; river-name)

अनुष्णाAnuṣṇā (not hot/cool; river-name)

शैब्याŚaibyā (river-name)

कापीKāpī (river-name)

सदानीराSadānīrā (ever-watered; river-name)

अधृष्याAdhṛṣyā (unassailable; river-name)

चand

महानदीMahānadī (great river; river-name)

कुशधाराKuśadhārā (having kuśa-grass streams/banks; river-name)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Pūrvābhirāmā (river)

Vīrā (river)

Bhīmā (river)

Oghavatī (river)

Pāśāśinī (river)

Pāpahārā (river)

Mahendrā (river)

Pāṭalāvatī (river)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in a war narrative, the text pauses to name rivers and regions, reminding the listener that dharma and adharma affect not only warriors but the entire land and its sustaining waters; the moral weight of conflict is borne by the whole kingdom.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues a catalogue-style description, listing rivers by name while reporting to the king; this functions as a geographic and cultural framing for the Kurukṣetra events, situating the war within a vast, inhabited landscape.