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Shloka 53

Irāvān-nidhana-anantaraṃ Ghaṭotkaca-nādaḥ

After Irāvān’s fall: Ghaṭotkaca’s roar and the clash with Duryodhana

अभिगम्यार्जुनं वीर राजभिरबहुभिव॒त: । पुरस्तात्‌ पृष्ठतश्चैव पार्श्वतश्चैव सर्वतः,अनेक राजाओंसे घिरे हुए उस महारथीने आपके पुत्रोंको साथ ले युद्धमें वीर अर्जुनके सामने जाकर उन्हें आगे, पीछे और पार्श्रभाग--सब ओरसे घेर लिया और जैसे बादल सूर्यको ढक लेते हैं, उसी प्रकार बाणोंसे अर्जुनको आच्छादित कर दिया

abhigamyārjunaṃ vīra rājabhir bahubhir vṛtaḥ | purastāt pṛṣṭhataś caiva pārśvataś caiva sarvataḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അനേകം രാജാക്കന്മാർ ചുറ്റിനിന്ന ആ മഹാരഥൻ, നിന്റെ പുത്രന്മാരെ കൂട്ടിക്കൊണ്ട്, യുദ്ധത്തിൽ വീരനായ അർജുനന്റെ നേരെ ചെന്നു; അവനെ മുന്നിലും പിന്നിലും ഇരുവശങ്ങളിലും—എല്ലാ ദിക്കുകളിലും—വളഞ്ഞു.

अभिगम्यhaving approached
अभिगम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-गम् (धातु: गम्)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजभिःby kings
राजभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
बहुभिःmany
बहुभिः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (धातु: वृ/वृञ्, ‘to cover/enclose’)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरस्तात्in front
पुरस्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस् + तात्
Formadverb
पृष्ठतःfrom behind/at the back
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठ
Formadverb
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formparticle
पार्श्वतःfrom the side
पार्श्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपार्श्व
Formadverb
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formparticle
सर्वतःfrom all sides
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्व
Formadverb

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
T
the kings (rājānaḥ)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (Kauravas, implied by 'your sons')
A
arrows (implied by the narrative gloss)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic and tension of kṣatriya-dharma: coordinated, collective tactics (encirclement by many rulers) are deployed to subdue a single great warrior, testing ideals of fair combat, valor, and resilience under overwhelming pressure.

Sañjaya reports that a leading warrior, surrounded by many kings and accompanied by Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons, advances against Arjuna and surrounds him from all sides—front, rear, and flanks—then inundates him with arrows, likened to clouds covering the sun.