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Shloka 7

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Anxiety and Bhīṣma’s Theological Explanation of Pāṇḍava Invincibility

Book 6, Chapter 61

अनुमानेन संज्ञाभिननामगोत्रैश्व संयुगे । वर्तते च तथा युद्ध तत्र तत्र विशाम्पते,प्रजानाथ! उस रणक्षेत्रमें अनुमानसे, संकेतोंसे तथा नाम और गोत्रोंके उच्चारणसे अपने या पराये पक्षका निश्चय करके जहाँ-तहाँ युद्ध हो रहा था

anumānena saṃjñābhir nāma-gotraiś ca saṃyuge | vartate ca tathā yuddhaṃ tatra tatra viśāṃpate prajānātha ||

പ്രജാനാഥാ! ആ യുദ്ധഭൂമിയിൽ അനുമാനത്താലും സൂചനകളാലും, പേരും ഗോത്രവും വിളിച്ചുപറഞ്ഞും ആരാണ് സ്വന്തം ആരാണ് പരം എന്ന് നിശ്ചയിച്ച്, പലിടത്തും അതേ രീതിയിൽ യുദ്ധം നടന്നുകൊണ്ടിരുന്നു.

अनुमानेनby inference/guess
अनुमानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुमान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
संज्ञाभिःby signals/signs
संज्ञाभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
नामby (uttering) the name
नाम:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गोत्रैःby (uttering) lineages/clans
गोत्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगोत्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संयुगेin the battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्ततेwas going on/occurred
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाthus/in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
युद्धम्the fighting/battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (here and there)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by addresses viśāṃpate, prajānātha)
B
battlefield (Kurukṣetra implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a moral and practical tension of war: when combat becomes chaotic, identity is reduced to external markers—signals, names, and lineage—showing how easily human relations and ethical clarity can be strained in violence.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the battle had become scattered and confusing; warriors were determining whether someone was on their side or the enemy’s by inference and by calling out identifying signals, names, and gotras, and fighting was breaking out in many places accordingly.