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Shloka 21

भीमसेनस्य प्रतिघातः—भगदत्तगजप्रहारः—घटोत्कचमायायुद्धम्

Bhīma’s Counteroffensive, Bhagadatta’s Elephant Assault, and Ghaṭotkaca’s Māyā Engagement

धावतां च रथौघानां निघ्नतां च पृथक्‌ पृथक्‌

dhāvatāṁ ca rathaughānāṁ nighnatāṁ ca pṛthak pṛthak, bhārata!

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ഭാരത, പാഞ്ഞോടുന്ന രഥക്കൂട്ടങ്ങളുടെയും വേർവേറായി പ്രഹരിക്കുന്നവരുടെയും കോലാഹലം, ദുന്ദുഭികളുടെ ഗർജ്ജനത്തോടു ചേർന്ന് കൂടുതൽ ഭയാനകമായി. നിന്റെ പുത്രന്മാരും പാണ്ഡവരും തമ്മിലുള്ള ആ ഘോരസമരത്തിൽ ആഘാത-പ്രത്യാഘാതം കൈമാറുന്ന നരവീരന്മാരുടെ ഭീകരനാദം ആകാശമാകെ വ്യാപിച്ചു.

धावताम्of (those) running
धावताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रथौघानाम्of the masses/streams of chariots
रथौघानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथौघ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निघ्नताम्of (those) striking/slaying
निघ्नताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (नि-हन्)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
पृथक्each by each / individually
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
C
Chariots (ratha)
K
Kettledrums/war-drums (dundubhi, implied by context)
K
Kauravas (your sons, implied by context)
P
Pāṇḍavas (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse is primarily descriptive rather than doctrinal: it underscores the overwhelming, impersonal momentum of war—hosts in motion, scattered clashes, and a sky-filling roar. Ethically, it hints at the gravity of collective violence: once battle is unleashed, individual valor becomes part of a larger, terrifying machinery whose consequences exceed any single warrior’s intent.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the intensifying combat: chariot formations charge, collide, and fight in dispersed one-on-one or small-group engagements. The noise of impacts and counter-impacts, amplified by war-drums, becomes so fierce that it seems to pervade the heavens—signaling the full escalation of the Kaurava–Pāṇḍava battle.