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Shloka 20

अध्याय ५५ — भीष्मस्य प्रचण्डविक्रमः, अर्जुनप्रत्युत्तरं, कृष्णस्य चक्रोद्यतिः

Chapter 55: Bhīṣma’s onslaught, Arjuna’s counter, and Kṛṣṇa’s raised discus

पृष्ठगोपास्तु तस्यथासन्‌ नानादेश्या जनेश्वरा: । केतुमान्‌ वसुदानश्र पुत्र: काश्यस्य चाभिभू:,केतुमान्‌, वसुदान, काशिराजके पुत्र अभिभू तथा अन्य अनेक देशोंके नरेश सेना पृष्ठके पोषक थे

pṛṣṭhagopās tu tasyathāsan nānādeśyā janeśvarāḥ | ketumān vasudānaś ca putraḥ kāśyasya cābhibhūḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അവന്റെ സേനയുടെ പൃഷ്ഠഭാഗം കാക്കാൻ വിവിധ ദേശങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള രാജാക്കന്മാർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു—കേതുമാൻ, വസുദാനൻ, കാശ്യന്റെ പുത്രൻ അഭിഭൂ മുതലായവർ. ഇങ്ങനെ പിന്നാമ്പുറവും യശസ്സുള്ള രാജാക്കന്മാർ കാത്തു; സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ ക്രമീകരണവും പങ്കിട്ട ഉത്തരവാദിത്വവും ഇതിലൂടെ തെളിയുന്നു.

पृष्ठगोपाःrear-guard protectors
पृष्ठगोपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठगोप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तस्यof him/of that (army)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural
नानादेश्याःbelonging to various countries
नानादेश्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनानादेश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनेश्वराःlords of men, kings
जनेश्वराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केतुमान्Ketumān (a king)
केतुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेतुमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वसुदानःVasudāna (a king)
वसुदानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसुदान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिभूःAbhibhū (a king)
अभिभूः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिभू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
काश्यस्यof Kāśya
काश्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

(संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Ketumān
V
Vasudāna
A
Abhibhū
K
Kāśya
R
rear-guard (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, responsibility is distributed: the rear is guarded by capable leaders, highlighting discipline, coordination, and accountability within a collective enterprise.

Sanjaya lists the rulers assigned as rear-guards in the army/formation, naming Ketumān, Vasudāna, and Abhibhū (son of Kāśya) among many kings from different regions.