Shloka 47

निजघान पिता पुत्र पुत्रश्न॒ पितरं रणे । स्वस्रीयो मातुलं चापि स्वस्रीयं चापि मातुल:

nijaghāna pitā putraṁ putraś ca pitaraṁ raṇe | svasrīyo mātulaṁ cāpi svasrīyaṁ cāpi mātulaḥ ||

രണത്തിൽ പിതാവ് പുത്രനെ വധിച്ചു; പുത്രൻ പിതാവിനെയും വധിച്ചു. സഹോദരിയുടെ പുത്രൻ മാമനെയും കൊന്നു; മാമനും സഹോദരിയുടെ പുത്രനെയും കൊന്നു.

निजघानslew/struck down
निजघान:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (√हन्)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पितरम्father
पितरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formmasculine, locative, singular
स्वस्रीयःsister's son (nephew)
स्वस्रीयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वस्रीय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
मातुलम्maternal uncle
मातुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमातुल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
स्वस्रीयम्sister's son (nephew)
स्वस्रीयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वस्रीय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मातुलःmaternal uncle
मातुलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातुल
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
F
father
S
son
S
sister’s son (nephew)
M
maternal uncle

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical catastrophe of war: when conflict becomes total, even the most sacred familial bonds (father–son, uncle–nephew) are overturned. It implicitly warns that adharma in warfare manifests as the breakdown of natural duties and affections, revealing war’s power to erode dharma at the level of family itself.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene where close relatives, caught on opposing sides, kill one another—father against son, and maternal uncle against sister’s son—emphasizing the ferocity and confusion of the Kurukṣetra war and its grievous human cost.