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Shloka 21

Mokṣa–Saṃnyāsa–Tyāga–Guṇa-Vibhāga (Renunciation, Relinquishment, and the Three Guṇas) — Mahābhārata 6, Bhīṣma-parva

पुरुष: प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुड्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्‌ गुणान्‌ । कारणं गुणसड्रो5स्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु,प्रकृतिमें स्थित ही पुरुष प्रकृतिसे उत्पन्न त्रिगुणात्मक पदार्थोंकी भोगता हैः और इन गुणोंका संग ही इस जीवात्माके अच्छी-बुरी योनियोंमें जन्म लेनेका कारण है

puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān | kāraṇaṁ guṇasaṅgo ’sya sadasadyonijanmasu ||

പ്രകൃതിയിൽ നിലകൊള്ളുന്ന പുരുഷൻ പ്രകൃതിജന്യ ഗുണങ്ങളെ അനുഭവിക്കുന്നു; ആ ഗുണങ്ങളോടുള്ള സംഗമാണ് അവന് സത്-അസത് യോനികളിൽ ജന്മം ലഭിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള കാരണം॥

पुरुषःthe person / self (puruṣa)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकृतिस्थःsituated in prakṛti
प्रकृतिस्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृतिस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भुङ्क्तेenjoys / experiences
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
प्रकृतिजान्born of prakṛti
प्रकृतिजान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृतिज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणान्qualities (guṇas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कारणम्cause
कारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गुणसङ्गःassociation with the guṇas
गुणसङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुणसङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof this (one)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सत्in good (states)
सत्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
असत्in bad (states)
असत्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
योनिजन्मसुin births in wombs/species
योनिजन्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयोनिजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
puruṣa (embodied self)
P
prakṛti
G
guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Educational Q&A

The soul’s repeated birth into higher or lower conditions is driven by its attachment and identification with the guṇas of prakṛti; ethical and spiritual progress depends on loosening this guṇa-saṅga and cultivating discernment.

In the Bhīṣma Parva’s philosophical instruction, Arjuna voices a doctrinal point about how the embodied self, while dwelling in prakṛti, undergoes experiences shaped by the guṇas, and how this association becomes the causal link to future births.