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Shloka 19

Mokṣa–Saṃnyāsa–Tyāga–Guṇa-Vibhāga (Renunciation, Relinquishment, and the Three Guṇas) — Mahābhārata 6, Bhīṣma-parva

प्रकृति] और पुरुष, इन दोनोंको ही तू अनादि जानः और राग-द्वेषादि विकारोंको तथा त्रिगुणात्मक सम्पूर्ण पदार्थोंको भी प्रकृतिसे ही उत्पन्न जान

prakṛtiṁ ca puruṣaṁ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api | vikārāṁś ca guṇāṁś caiva viddhi prakṛti-sambhavān ||

പ്രകൃതിയും പുരുഷനും—ഇരുവരെയും അനാദിയെന്ന് അറിയുക. കൂടാതെ രാഗ-ദ്വേഷാദി വികാരങ്ങളും ത്രിഗുണമയമായ സമസ്ത വസ്തുക്കളും പ്രകൃതിയിൽ നിന്നുതന്നെ ഉദ്ഭവിക്കുന്നവയെന്ന് അറിയുക॥

प्रकृतिम्Prakriti (nature)
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्Purusha (spirit/person)
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विद्धिknow (you)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनादीbeginningless (both)
अनादी:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनादि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विद्धिknow (you)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
विकारान्modifications/transformations
विकारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रागद्वेषादीन्desire, hatred, etc.
रागद्वेषादीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराग-द्वेष-आदि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुणान्qualities (gunas)
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भावान्entities/things
भावान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणमयान्consisting of the gunas
गुणमयान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणमय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विद्धिknow (you)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रकृतिसम्भवान्arising from Prakriti
प्रकृतिसम्भवान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृति-सम्भव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
Prakṛti
P
Puruṣa
R
Rāga
D
Dveṣa
G
Guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Educational Q&A

Both Prakṛti (nature) and Puruṣa (conscious self) are beginningless; however, the changing states—emotions like attachment and aversion, and all guṇa-made phenomena—originate from Prakṛti. This supports ethical discernment: do not mistake transient, guṇa-driven impulses for the true self.

In the Bhīṣma Parva’s philosophical instruction setting, Arjuna speaks while seeking clarity about the constituents of existence. He articulates a Sāṅkhya-like distinction between the self (Puruṣa) and nature (Prakṛti), locating psychological reactions and worldly change within Prakṛti.