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Shloka 42

Chapter 19: Prativyūha of the Pāṇḍavas — Vajra (Acala) Formation and Dawn Omens

प्रादुरासीद्‌ रजस्तीव्रं न प्राज्ञायत किंचन । ध्वजानां धूयमानानां सहसा मातरिश्वना

prādurāsīd rajastīvraṃ na prājñāyata kiṃcana | dhvajānāṃ dhūyamānānāṃ sahasā mātariśvanā ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു— പെട്ടെന്നു കഠിനമായ പൊടിമേഘം ഉയർന്നു; ഒന്നും വ്യക്തമായി തിരിച്ചറിയാനായില്ല। അതേ നിമിഷം മാതരിശ്വൻ (വായു)യുടെ വേഗത്തിൽ പതാകകൾ കുലുങ്ങി ആടിത്തുടങ്ങി।

प्रादुरासीत्appeared, arose
प्रादुरासीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रादुर् + अस्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
रजःdust
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तीव्रम्intense, strong
तीव्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राज्ञायतwas known, was perceived
प्राज्ञायत:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Ātmanepada (passive sense)
किंचनanything (at all)
किंचन:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिंचन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ध्वजानाम्of the banners/flags
ध्वजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धूयमानानाम्being shaken, fluttering
धूयमानानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधू (धुनोति) → धूयमान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural, शानच् (present passive participle)
सहसाsuddenly, violently
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
मातरिश्वनाby the wind (Mātariśvan)
मातरिश्वना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमातरिश्वन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
dhvaja (banners/standards)
M
Mātariśvan (Vāyu, the Wind)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, clarity and discernment are quickly overwhelmed by sudden forces—symbolized by blinding dust and wind-tossed banners. Ethically, it underscores the confusion and instability that accompany violence, where right judgment becomes difficult and ominous signs multiply.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield as a sudden, intense dust cloud rises, obscuring visibility. At the same time, strong winds (personified as Mātariśvan/Vāyu) shake the armies’ banners, conveying the turbulent onset of combat and an atmosphere of foreboding.