Shloka 41

अन्योन्यं रथिन: पेतुर्वाजिनश्व॒ महाहवे | कुज्जरान्‌ कुछ्जरा जष्नु: पादातांश्व पदातय:,उस महासमरमें रथी और घोड़े एक-दूसरेपर टूटे पड़ते थे। हाथी हाथियोंको और पैदल पैदल सिपाहियोंको मार रहे थे

anyonyam rathinaḥ petur vājināś ca mahāhave | kuñjarān kuñjarā jaghnuḥ padātāṃś ca padātayaḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ആ മഹാസമരത്തിൽ രഥയോദ്ധാക്കളും കുതിരകളും പരസ്പരം ഇടിച്ചുകയറി ആക്രമിച്ചു. ആനകൾ ആനകളെ വീഴ്ത്തി; പാദാതികൾ പാദാതികളെ വധിച്ചു.

अन्योन्यम्mutually, one another
अन्योन्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative usage)
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
पेतुःfell upon / rushed upon
पेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd person, plural, Parasmaipada
वाजिनःhorses
वाजिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
महाहवेin the great battle
महाहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाहव
FormMasculine, locative, singular
कुञ्जरान्elephants
कुञ्जरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
कुञ्जराःelephants
कुञ्जराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
जघ्नुःslew / struck down
जघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd person, plural, Parasmaipada
पदातान्foot-soldiers
पदातान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपदात
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
पदातयःfoot-soldiers
पदातयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
FormMasculine, nominative, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
rathin (chariot-warriors)
V
vājin (horses)
K
kuñjara (elephants)
P
padāti (foot-soldiers/infantry)

Educational Q&A

The verse offers a stark battlefield observation: violence tends to become reciprocal and self-perpetuating, with each combatant meeting an equal counterpart. Ethically, it underscores the tragic symmetry of war—where identity (chariot-warrior, horseman, elephant-rider, infantry) does not shield one from the same fate inflicted on others.

Sañjaya describes the intensity of the Kurukṣetra fighting: chariot-fighters and horses collide in close combat; elephants engage and kill other elephants; infantrymen fight and kill other infantrymen. It is a compressed panoramic snapshot of simultaneous clashes across the army’s different divisions.