Shloka 25

Devanagari script

ततो दुर्योधनो दीनो दृष्टवा सैन्यं पराजितम्‌

Transliteration

tato duryodhano dīno dṛṣṭvā sainyaṁ parājitam

Translation

അപ്പോൾ ദുര്യോധനൻ ദീനനായി, തന്റെ സൈന്യം പരാജിതമായത് കണ്ടു।

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular

• दीनः: dejected, distressed
• दीनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with दुर्योधनः)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा), 'having seen'

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, accusative, singular

• पराजितम्: defeated, routed
• पराजितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराजित

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duryodhana
• army (sainya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the moral and psychological fallout of unrighteous ambition: when one pursues power through adharma, the inevitable reversals of war bring not only strategic loss but inner collapse—dīnatā (despondency) born of facing the results of one’s own actions.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana becomes dejected after witnessing his forces being defeated. It marks a turning point in mood: confidence gives way to anxiety and sorrow as the battlefield reality turns against the Kauravas.