Shloka 45

ते रथै: सुसम्प्रयुक्तिर्दन्तिभिश्न महारथा: । परिवार्य रणे भीष्म॑ दंशिता: समवस्थिता:,वे समस्त कौरव महारथी सुशिक्षित रथों और हाथियोंसे भीष्मको घेरकर कवच आदिसे सुसज्जित हो युद्धके लिये खड़े हो गये

te rathaiḥ susamprayuktir dantibhiś ca mahārathāḥ | parivārya raṇe bhīṣmaṃ daṃśitāḥ samavasthitāḥ ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ആ മഹാരഥന്മാർ നന്നായി കെട്ടിയൊരുക്കിയ രഥങ്ങളോടും യുദ്ധഹസ്തികളോടും കൂടി രണഭൂമിയിൽ ഭീഷ്മനെ ചുറ്റിനിരത്തി, കവച-ശസ്ത്രങ്ങളാൽ സജ്ജരായി യുദ്ധത്തിനായി സ്ഥാനമേറ്റു നിന്നു.

तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सुसम्प्रयुक्तैःwell-yoked / well-equipped
सुसम्प्रयुक्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-सम्प्रयुक्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दन्तिभिःwith elephants
दन्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (वृणोति/वर्तते)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada (gerund, voice-neutral)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भीष्मम्Bhishma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeProperNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दंशिताःarmoured / clad in mail
दंशिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदंशित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समवस्थिताःstood ready / took position
समवस्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अवस्थित
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
B
Bhishma
K
Kaurava great warriors (mahārathas)
C
Chariots (ratha)
W
War-elephants (dantin)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethic of organized duty in war: warriors, properly equipped and disciplined, gather around their commander. It reflects how collective resolve and loyalty to leadership operate within the chosen side’s understanding of kṣatriya-dharma, even when the larger moral stakes of the war remain complex.

Sanjaya describes the Kaurava elite warriors assembling with chariots and elephants and forming a protective encirclement around Bhishma on the battlefield. Armoured and ready, they take their stations for the coming engagement.