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Shloka 54

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

एवं दशविधो ज्ञेयः शब्द आकाशसम्भव: । षड़्ज, ऋषभ, गान्धार, मध्यम, पञ्चम, निषाद, धैवत, इष्ट (प्रिय), अनिष्ट (अप्रिय) और संहत (श्लिष्ट)--इस प्रकार विभागवाले आकाशजनित शब्दके दस भेद हैं ।।

evaṁ daśavidho jñeyaḥ śabda ākāśasambhavaḥ | ṣaḍja ṛṣabha gāndhāra madhyama pañcama niṣāda dhaivata iṣṭa (priya) aniṣṭa (apriya) ca saṁhata (śliṣṭa) iti—evaṁ vibhāgavān ākāśajanitaḥ śabdo daśadhā | ākāśam uttamaṁ bhūtam ahaṅkāras tataḥ paraḥ; ahaṅkārāt paraṁ buddhiḥ, buddher ātmā paraḥ; ātmanaḥ param avyaktā prakṛtiḥ, prakṛter api paraḥ puruṣaḥ |

ഇങ്ങനെ ആകാശസംബവമായ ശബ്ദം പത്തുവിധമാണെന്ന് അറിയണം—ഷഡ്ജം, ഋഷഭം, ഗാന്ധാരം, മധ്യമം, പഞ്ചമം, നിഷാദം, ധൈവതം, ഇഷ്ടം (പ്രിയം), അനിഷ്ടം (അപ്രിയം), സംഹതം (കൂടിച്ചേർന്നത്). ഇങ്ങനെ ആകാശജന്യ ശബ്ദത്തിന് പത്ത് ഭേദങ്ങൾ. ഭൂതങ്ങളിൽ ആകാശം ശ്രേഷ്ഠം; ആകാശത്തേക്കാൾ മേൽ അഹങ്കാരം, അഹങ്കാരത്തേക്കാൾ മേൽ ബുദ്ധി, ബുദ്ധിയേക്കാൾ മേൽ ആത്മാവ്, ആത്മാവിനേക്കാൾ മേൽ പരമ അവ്യക്ത പ്രകൃതി, പ്രകൃതിയേക്കാൾ മേൽ പുരുഷൻ.

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
दशविधःtenfold
दशविधः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदशविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयःto be known
ज्ञेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशसम्भवःarising from ether (ākāśa-born)
आकाशसम्भवः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआकाशसम्भव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
षड्जःṢaḍja (note Sa)
षड्जः:
TypeNoun
Rootषड्ज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋषभःṚṣabha (note Re)
ऋषभः:
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गान्धारःGāndhāra (note Ga)
गान्धारः:
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःMadhyama (note Ma)
मध्यमः:
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमःPañcama (note Pa)
पञ्चमः:
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निषादःNiṣāda (note Ni)
निषादः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिषाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धैवतःDhaivata (note Dha)
धैवतः:
TypeNoun
Rootधैवत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इष्टःdesired, pleasant
इष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनिष्टःundesired, unpleasant
अनिष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संहतःcombined, compact (articulated)
संहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विभागवान्having divisions
विभागवान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविभागवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशजनितःproduced from ether
आकाशजनितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआकाशजनित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दशten
दश:
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
भेदाःkinds, divisions
भेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आकाशम्ether, space
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमम्best, highest
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भूतम्element; being
भूतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहंकारःego-principle
अहंकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहंकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःfrom that; thereafter; than that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
परःhigher, superior
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyudeva)
आकाश (Ākāśa)
अहंकार (Ahaṅkāra)
बुद्धि (Buddhi)
आत्मा (Ātman)
अव्यक्त प्रकृति (Avyakta Prakṛti)
पुरुष (Puruṣa)
षड़्ज (Ṣaḍja)
ऋषभ (Ṛṣabha)
गान्धार (Gāndhāra)
मध्यम (Madhyama)
पञ्चम (Pañcama)
निषाद (Niṣāda)
धैवत (Dhaivata)

Educational Q&A

The passage links sensory experience to metaphysics: sound is rooted in ākāśa and can be classified (musical notes plus affective qualities), and it then presents a hierarchy of principles—ākāśa < ahaṅkāra < buddhi < ātman < unmanifest prakṛti < puruṣa—guiding the listener from the gross element toward the highest conscious reality.

Vāyudeva is instructing the audience in a doctrinal exposition: first defining and classifying ‘sound’ as an attribute arising from space, then expanding into a Sāṅkhya-like ordering of cosmic and psychological principles culminating in puruṣa.