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Shloka 36

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

तमोगुणा बहुविधा: प्रकीर्तिता यथावदुक्त च तम: परावरम्‌ | नरो हि यो वेद गुणानिमान्‌ सदा स तामसै: सर्वगुणै: प्रमुच्यते,इस प्रकार तमोगुणके स्वरूप और उसके कार्यभूत नाना प्रकारके गुणोंका यथावत्‌ वर्णन किया गया तथा तमोगुणसे प्राप्त होनेवाली ऊँची-नीची योनियाँ भी बतला दी गयीं। जो मनुष्य इन गुणोंको ठीक-ठीक जानता है, वह सम्पूर्ण तामसिक गुणोंसे सदा मुक्त रहता है इति श्रीमहाभारते आश्वमेधिके पर्वणि अनुगीतापर्वणि गुरुशिष्यसंवादे षट्त्रिंशो5ध्याय:

tamoguṇā bahuvidhāḥ prakīrtitā yathāvad uktaṃ ca tamaḥ parāvaram | naro hi yo veda guṇān imān sadā sa tāmasaiḥ sarvaguṇaiḥ pramucyate ||

തമോഗുണത്തിന്റെ പലവിധ രൂപങ്ങൾ യഥാവിധി പ്രസ്താവിക്കപ്പെട്ടു; തമസിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഉയർന്നതും താഴ്ന്നതുമായ ഫലങ്ങളും യഥാർത്ഥമായി വിവരിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഈ ഗുണങ്ങളെ വ്യക്തമായി അറിയുന്ന മനുഷ്യൻ എപ്പോഴും എല്ലാ താമസിക ലക്ഷണങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുമൊഴിഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്നു.

तमोगुणाःthe tamas-qualities
तमोगुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमोगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहुविधाःof many kinds
बहुविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रकीर्तिताःhave been proclaimed/described
प्रकीर्तिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-कीर्त (कृदन्त: प्रकीर्तित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive, क्त
यथावत्properly, as it should be
यथावत्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
उक्तःhas been stated
उक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (कृदन्त: उक्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, क्त
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तमःtamas (darkness/ignorance)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परावरम्higher and lower (both aspects)
परावरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरावर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
गुणान्qualities
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इमान्these
इमान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तामसैःfrom tamasic (qualities)
तामसैः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
सर्वगुणैःfrom all qualities (of that kind)
सर्वगुणैः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
प्रमुच्यतेis freed, becomes released
प्रमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मुच्
FormPresent (लट्), 3, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Reflexive (मध्य/कर्मणि प्रयोग)

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva

Educational Q&A

Clear knowledge of tamas—its forms and its higher/lower consequences—helps one disengage from tamasic tendencies; understanding becomes a means of freedom from inertia, delusion, and moral darkness.

Vāyudeva concludes an instructional passage in the Anugītā context, summarizing that tamas and its results have been properly explained, and asserting that the knower of these guṇas is not bound by tamasic qualities.