Shloka 15

छत्रोपानहदानफलप्रशंसा — Praise of the Merit of Donating Umbrella and Footwear

Devanagari script

स तामृषिस्तदा क्रुद्धो वाक्यमाह शुभाननाम्‌ | रेणुके कि चिरेण त्वमागतेति पुन: पुन:

Transliteration

sa tām ṛṣis tadā kruddho vākyam āha śubhānanām | reṇuke ki cireṇa tvam āgateti punaḥ punaḥ ||

Translation

അപ്പോൾ ഋഷി ക്രോധിതനായി ശുഭമുഖിയായ രേണുകയോട് വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും ചോദിച്ചു— “രേണുകേ! നീ ഇത്ര വൈകി എന്തുകൊണ്ട് വന്നു?”

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• ऋषिः: the sage
• ऋषिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तदा: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वाक्यम्: words; a speech
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आह: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• शुभ-आननाम्: to (her) of beautiful face
• शुभ-आननाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ + आनन
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• रेणुके: O Renuka
• Type: Noun
• Root: रेणुका
• Form: Feminine, Vocative, Singular

• किम्: why; what
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• चिरेण: after a long time; with delay
• चिरेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: चिर
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Nominative, Singular

• आगता: have come; came
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: Past (PPP), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again (repeatedly)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• the sage (ṛṣi)
• Reṇukā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse implicitly cautions that anger (krodha) leads to repeated, harsh speech and undermines dharmic conduct at home; self-control and measured words are essential, especially in close relationships.

What is happening in the narrative?

A sage becomes angry and repeatedly questions his wife Reṇukā about her delay in returning, addressing her with the epithet “fair-faced” while speaking in a reproachful tone.