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Shloka 2

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

भीष्म उवाच ब्राह्मणान्‌ न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित्‌ | दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्यायमाहुः परीक्षणम्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन! दान-पधर्मके ज्ञाता क्षत्रियको देवसम्बन्धी कर्म (यज्ञ- यागादि) में ब्राह्मणकी परीक्षा नहीं करनी चाहिये, किंतु पितृकर्म (श्राद्ध) में उनकी परीक्षा न्‍्यायसंगत मानी गयी है

bhīṣma uvāca brāhmaṇān na parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dānadharmavit | daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyam āhuḥ parīkṣaṇam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ദാനധർമ്മം അറിയുന്ന ക്ഷത്രിയൻ ദൈവകർമ്മങ്ങളിൽ (യജ്ഞയാഗാദികളിൽ) ബ്രാഹ്മണരെ പരീക്ഷിക്കരുത്; എന്നാൽ പിതൃകർമ്മങ്ങളിൽ (ശ്രാദ്ധാദികളിൽ) അവരെ പരിശോധിക്കുന്നത് ന്യായമാണെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परीक्षेतshould examine/test
परीक्षेत:
TypeVerb
Rootपरीक्ष्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानधर्मवित्knower of the duty of giving (charity)
दानधर्मवित्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदानधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवेin a divine/ritual (god-related) context
दैवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कर्मणिin the rite/action
कर्मणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पित्र्येin the ancestral (pitṛ-related) context
पित्र्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपित्र्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
न्यायम्proper/right (as justice)
न्यायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootन्याय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परीक्षणम्examination/testing
परीक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरीक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins
K
Kshatriya
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitrs (ancestors)
K
King (addressed)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes between two ritual domains: in god-centered rites (yajña etc.) a patron-king should not ‘test’ Brahmins, whereas in ancestor rites (śrāddha) scrutiny is considered appropriate—implying greater concern for eligibility and purity in pitṛ-karmas.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), he lays down a rule of conduct for Kshatriya patrons regarding how they should relate to Brahmin officiants in different kinds of rituals—prohibiting examination in daiva rites but permitting it in pitṛ rites.