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Shloka 103

Pitṛ-śrāddha-haviḥ-phala-nirdeśa

Offerings for Ancestors and Their Stated Results

तमसस्तामसा भावा व्यापि सत्त्वं तथोभयम्‌ । स गुणस्तेजसो नित्यस्तस्य चाकाशमेव च,तमोमय अंशसे तामस पदार्थ--स्थावर वृक्ष आदि प्रकट हुए और जो साच्चिक अंश था, वह राजस और तामस दोनोंमें अन्तर्भूत हो गया। वह सत्त्वगुण अर्थात्‌ प्रकाशस्वरूपा बुद्धिका नित्यस्वरूप है और आकाश आदि सम्पूर्ण विश्व भी उस बुद्धिका कार्य होनेसे उसका ही स्वरूप है

tamasas tāmasā bhāvā vyāpi sattvaṃ tathobhayam | sa guṇas tejaso nityas tasya cākāśam eva ca ||

തമസ്സിൽ നിന്ന് താമസ ഭാവങ്ങൾ ഉദ്ഭവിക്കുന്നു; സത്ത്വം എന്നാൽ രജസ്സിലും തമസ്സിലും ഇരുവിടത്തും വ്യാപിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. ആ സത്ത്വം തേജസ്സിന്റെ നിത്യഗുണം; ആകാശവും അതേ തത്ത്വസ്വരൂപം തന്നേ.

तमसःof darkness (tamas)
तमसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तामसाःtamasic
तामसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भावाःentities; states; beings
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्यापिpervaded; spread
व्यापि:
TypeVerb
Rootव्याप्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva; purity; goodness
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उभयम्both (together)
उभयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणःquality; guṇa
गुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजसःof light; of brilliance
तेजसः:
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
नित्यःeternal; constant
नित्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that; of him/it
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आकाशम्space; ether
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
तमस् (tamas)
सत्त्व (sattva)
तेजस् (tejas)
आकाश (ākāśa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a guṇa-based view of reality: tamas gives rise to tamasic states, while sattva—identified with an enduring luminous principle (tejas)—pervades and can operate within the other guṇas. Ethically, it implies that clarity and discernment (sattva) can illuminate and regulate passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas), enabling right judgment and dharmic conduct.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing his listener in metaphysical analysis, describing how the constituents of nature (guṇas) relate to cosmic manifestation. He links sattva with light (tejas) and even with space (ākāśa), presenting a framework in which the world and cognition are traced to underlying qualities and their interactions.