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Shloka 33

Go-mahātmyam: Pavitrāṇāṃ Pavitraṃ

Cows and Ghee as Supreme Purifiers

हव्यं कव्यं तर्पणं शान्तिकर्म यान॑ वासो वृद्धबालस्यथ तुष्टि: । एतान्‌ सर्वान्‌ गोप्रदाने गुणान्‌ वै दाता राजज्नाप्तुयाद्‌ वै सदैव,राजन! गोदान करनेवालेको हव्य, कव्य, तर्पण और शान्तिकर्मका फल तथा वाहन, वस्त्र एवं बालकों और वृद्धोंको संतोष प्राप्त होता है। इस प्रकार ये सब गोदानके गुण हैं। दाता इन सबको सदा पाता ही है

Bhīṣma uvāca: havyaṃ kavyaṃ tarpaṇaṃ śāntikarma yānaṃ vāso vṛddhabālasya tathā tuṣṭiḥ | etān sarvān gopradāne guṇān vai dātā rājann āpnuyād vai sadaiva ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഗോപ്രദാനം ചെയ്താൽ ദാതാവിന് ഹവ്യ (ദേവാർപ്പണം), കവ്യ (പിതൃകർമ്മം), തർപ്പണം, ശാന്തികർമ്മം എന്നിവയുടെ ഫലം നിരന്തരം ലഭിക്കുന്നു. വാഹനവും വസ്ത്രവും ലഭിക്കും; വൃദ്ധർക്കും കുട്ടികൾക്കും തൃപ്തിയും ഉണ്ടാകും. രാജാവേ! ഇവയൊക്കെയും ഗോദാനത്തിന്റെ ഗുണഫലങ്ങളാണ്; ദാതാവ് അവയെ വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും പ്രാപിക്കുന്നു.

हव्यम्oblation to gods (havis)
हव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कव्यम्offering to ancestors (pitṛ-offering)
कव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तर्पणम्libation/rite of satiation (tarpana)
तर्पणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतर्पण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शान्तिकर्मpacificatory rite
शान्तिकर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशान्ति + कर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यानम्vehicle
यानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वासःgarment, clothing
वासः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वृद्धबालस्यof the old and the child (i.e., of old people and children)
वृद्धबालस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध + बाल + (षष्ठी-एकवचन)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अथand then/also
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
तुष्टिःsatisfaction, contentment
तुष्टिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतुष्टि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गोप्रदानेin the gift of a cow / in cow-donation
गोप्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो + प्रदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गुणान्merits, qualities, benefits
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दाताthe giver, donor
दाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आप्नुयात्would obtain, should attain
आप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सदैवalways
सदैव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा + एव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
G
go (cow)
H
havya (offerings to gods)
K
kavya (offerings to ancestors)
T
tarpaṇa (libations)
Ś
śāntikarma (pacificatory rites)
Y
yāna (vehicle)
V
vāsa (clothing)
V
vṛddha (elders)
B
bāla (children)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that go-dāna (the gift of a cow) is a comprehensive act of charity whose merit is equivalent to multiple key ritual duties—offerings to gods and ancestors, tarpaṇa, and pacificatory rites—and it also yields practical and social benefits such as conveyance, clothing, and the well-being/contentment of vulnerable groups (elders and children).

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dāna-dharma, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and enumerates the fruits of cow-giving, presenting it as a highly meritorious and socially sustaining gift.