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Shloka 21

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

क्षत्रिय: शतवर्षी च दशवर्षी द्विजोत्तम: । पितापुत्रौ च विज्ञेयौ तयोरहिं ब्राह्मणो गुरु:,क्षत्रिय सौ वर्षका हो और श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मण दस वर्षकी अवस्थाका हो तो भी उन दोनोंको परस्पर पुत्र और पिताके समान जानना चाहिये। उनमें ब्राह्मण पिता है और क्षत्रिय पुत्र

kṣatriyaḥ śatavarṣī ca daśavarṣī dvijottamaḥ | pitāputrau ca vijñeyau tayor ahiṁ brāhmaṇo guruḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ക്ഷത്രിയൻ നൂറു വയസ്സുകാരനായാലും, ശ്രേഷ്ഠനായ ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പത്തു വയസ്സുകാരനായാലും, ഇരുവരെയും പിതാ-പുത്രബന്ധത്തിലായിട്ടേ അറിയേണ്ടത്. ആ കൂട്ടത്തിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പിതാവും ഗുരുവും; ക്ഷത്രിയൻ പുത്രസമൻ.

क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya (man)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतवर्षीhundred-year-old
शतवर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशतवर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दशवर्षीten-year-old
दशवर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदशवर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजोत्तमःthe best of the twice-born (excellent Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रौtwo sons / (as a pair) father and son (dual usage)
पुत्रौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विज्ञेयौshould be known/understood
विज्ञेयौ:
TypeVerb
Rootविज्ञा
FormGerundive (future passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
अहंI
अहं:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormCommon, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुःteacher; elder; superior
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya

Educational Q&A

Dharma-based precedence is determined by spiritual authority and sacred learning: a Brāhmaṇa, even if younger in age, is to be regarded as guru and ‘father’ relative to a Kṣatriya, who is to show deference like a ‘son’.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on conduct and social duties, Bhīṣma lays down a rule of respectful hierarchy, using an age-contrast example to emphasize that status in dharma is not merely biological seniority but the role of the Brāhmaṇa as teacher and guide.