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Shloka 12

Go-apahāra (Cattle Theft), Go-dāna (Cow-Gift), and Suvarṇa-dakṣiṇā (Gold Fee): Karmic Consequence and Purificatory Merit

अपश्यत्‌ परिमार्गश्ष तां गां परगृहे द्विज: । ममेयमिति चोवाच ब्राह्णो यस्य साभवत्‌,“कुछ दिनों बाद जब वह ब्राह्मण परदेशसे लौटा, तब अपनी गाय हढूँढ़ने लगा। ढूँढ़ते- ढूँढ़ते जब वह गाय उसे दूसरेके घर मिली, तब उस ब्राह्मणने, जिसकी वह गौ पहले थी, उस दूसरे ब्राह्मणसे कहा--'यह गाय तो मेरी है”

apaśyat parimārgamāṇaḥ tāṃ gāṃ paragṛhe dvijaḥ | mamaiyam iti covāca brāhmaṇo yasya sābhavat ||

കുറച്ച് ദിവസങ്ങൾക്ക് ശേഷം ആ ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ മടങ്ങിവന്ന് തന്റെ പശുവിനെ അന്വേഷിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. അന്വേഷിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കെ അത് മറ്റൊരാളുടെ വീട്ടിൽ കണ്ടപ്പോൾ, ആദ്യം അതിന്റെ ഉടമയായിരുന്ന ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ ആ മറ്റെ ബ്രാഹ്മണനോട്— “ഈ പശു എന്റേതാണ്” എന്നു പറഞ്ഞു.

अपश्यत्saw
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
परिमार्गन्searching
परिमार्गन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरिमार्ग्
Formशतृ (Present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गाम्cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
परगृहेin another's house
परगृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
द्विजःthe brahmin (twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
इयम्this (she)
इयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलिट् (Perfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःthe brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
साshe (that cow)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was / belonged
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
a Brahmin (original owner)
A
another Brahmin (in whose house the cow is found)
C
cow

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up an ethical conflict about rightful ownership and truthful claim: when one finds one’s property in another’s possession, dharma requires a clear assertion of truth (“this is mine”) while the situation calls for a righteous method of resolution rather than force or deceit.

A Brahmin returns from abroad, searches for his missing cow, discovers it in another person’s home, and formally claims it by telling the other Brahmin that the cow belongs to him.