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Shloka 373

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

तस्मान्महेश्वरो देवस्तपस्ताभि: सहास्थित: । अनघ! इसके बाद मैं तुम्हें गोदानका माहात्म्य बताऊँगा। गौएँ समस्त तपस्वियोंसे बढ़कर हैं; इसलिये भगवान्‌ शंकरने गौओंके साथ रहकर तप किया था

tasmān maheśvaro devas tapastābhiḥ saha āsthitaḥ | anagha! ito 'haṃ te godānasya māhātmyaṃ vakṣyāmi | gāvaḥ samasta-tapasvibhyo 'dhikāḥ; tasmād bhagavān śaṅkaro gābhiḥ saha sthitvā tapaś cacāra |

അതുകൊണ്ട് മഹേശ്വരദേവൻ ആ പശുക്കളോടൊപ്പം വസിച്ച് തപസ്സിൽ നിലകൊണ്ടിരുന്നു. ഹേ അനഘാ! ഇനി ഞാൻ നിന്നോട് ഗോദാനത്തിന്റെ മഹാത്മ്യം പറയും. പശുക്കൾ എല്ലാ തപസ്വികളിലും ശ്രേഷ്ഠരാണ്; അതിനാലാണ് ഭഗവാൻ ശങ്കരനും അവരുടെ സാന്നിധ്യത്തിൽ തപസ്സു ചെയ്തത്।

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
महेश्वरःMaheshvara (Great Lord, Shiva)
महेश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवःthe god
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity/penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ताभिःwith them (with those, i.e., the cows)
ताभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अस्थितःstood/remained (was staying)
अस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle, used actively)
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Maheśvara (Śiva)
Ś
Śaṅkara (Śiva)
G
gāvaḥ (cows)
G
godāna (cow-gift)

Educational Q&A

The passage elevates go-dāna (the gifting of cows) as a highly meritorious dharmic act, portraying cows as spiritually significant—so much so that even Śiva is said to have practiced austerity in their company. The ethical thrust is that reverence and generosity toward life-sustaining beings is a powerful form of dharma.

Bhīṣma, continuing his instruction on dharma, transitions to a new topic: he announces that he will now explain the māhātmya (sacred greatness) of cow-gifting. To underscore its importance, he cites the example of Maheśvara/Śaṅkara (Śiva) performing tapas while staying with cows.