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Shloka 35

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

अथाहु: सर्वमेवैति भूयो<5र्धमिति निश्चय: । चतुर्थ मतमस्माकं मनो: श्रुत्वानुशासनम्‌,कुछ लोगोंका कहना है कि सारा पाप राजाको ही लगता है। दूसरे लोगोंका यह निश्चय है कि राजा आधे पापका भागी होता है। परंतु मनुका उपदेश सुनकर हमारा मत यही है कि राजाको उस पापका एक चतुर्थाश ही प्राप्त होता है

atha āhuḥ sarvam evaiti bhūyo 'rdham iti niścayaḥ | caturthaṁ matam asmākaṁ manoḥ śrutvānūśāsanam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ചിലർ പറയുന്നു: പാപം മുഴുവനും രാജാവിനേയ്ക്ക് വരുന്നു; മറ്റുചിലരുടെ ഉറച്ച അഭിപ്രായം: രാജാവ് പകുതിയിലധികം വഹിക്കുന്നു. എന്നാൽ മനുവിന്റെ അനുശാസനം കേട്ട ശേഷം ഞങ്ങളുടെ നിഗമനം ഇതാണ്—ആ പാപത്തിന്റെ നാലിലൊന്ന് മാത്രമേ രാജാവിന് ലഭിക്കൂ.

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रूञ्-अर्थे)
FormLat, Present indicative, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
सर्वम्all (entirely)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतिgoes/comes (accrues)
एति:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (गत्यर्थे)
FormLat, Present indicative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भूयःagain; moreover
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्
अर्धम्half
अर्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निश्चयःdecision/conviction
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चतुर्थम्a fourth (one-quarter)
चतुर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मतम्opinion/view
मतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अस्माकम्of us/our
अस्माकम्:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (श्रवणे)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Active, implicit (we)
अनुशासनम्instruction/teaching
अनुशासनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनुशासन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Manu

Educational Q&A

Bhishma reports differing views on how much sin a king incurs for wrongdoing in his realm, and endorses Manu’s rule: the king bears a defined, limited share—one quarter—rather than the whole or more than half. The point is to frame royal responsibility as real but proportionate, distributed among other responsible agents as well.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (especially duties and accountability of rulers), he cites competing opinions and then appeals to Manu as authoritative. He states his settled conclusion based on Manu’s ordinance regarding the king’s fractional share in the sin arising from subjects’ misdeeds or governance failures.