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Shloka 1

अन्नदान-प्रशंसा (Praise of the Gift of Food) | Annadāna-Praśaṃsā

ऑपनआक्ाा बछ। आर: 2 एकोनषशष्टितमो< ध्याय: भीष्मद्वारा उत्तम दान तथा उत्तम ब्राह्मणोंकी प्रशंसा करते हुए उनके सत्कारका उपदेश युधिछिर उवाच यानीमानि बहिर्वेद्यां दानानि परिचक्षते | तेभ्यो विशिष्ट कि दानं मतं ते कुरुपुंगव,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--कुरुश्रेष्ठी! वेदीके बाहर जो ये दान बताये जाते हैं, उन सबकी अपेक्षा आपके मतमें कौन दान श्रेष्ठ है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca — imāni bahirvedyāṁ dānāni paricakṣate | tebhyo viśiṣṭaṁ kiṁ dānaṁ mataṁ te kurupuṅgava ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ കുരുപുംഗവാ! യാഗവേദിക്കു പുറത്തായി പറയപ്പെടുന്ന ഈ ദാനങ്ങളിൽ, നിങ്ങളുടെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ ഏത് ദാനമാണ് ഏറ്റവും ശ്രേഷ്ഠം?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इमानिthese
इमानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
बहिःoutside
बहिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहिः (अव्यय)
वेद्याम्on/at the sacrificial altar (vedi)
वेद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवेदी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
दानानिgifts/charities
दानानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
परिचक्षतेthey describe/they speak of
परिचक्षते:
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष् (धातु) + परि (उपसर्ग)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
तेभ्यःfrom/than those
तेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
विशिष्टम्more excellent/superior
विशिष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; वि+शिष्/शास् → विशिष्ट)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानम्gift/charity
दानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मतम्considered/thought (to be)
मतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; मन् → मत)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Singular
कुरुपुङ्गवO bull among the Kurus (best of the Kurus)
कुरुपुङ्गव:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु + पुङ्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kurupuṅgava (honorific addressee, i.e., Bhīṣma)
V
Vedi (sacrificial altar)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: among various forms of non-ritual (outside-the-altar) giving, which is truly superior. It sets up Bhīṣma’s guidance that the value of dāna depends on discernment—worthy recipients, right intention, and dharmic context—not merely ritual form.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira questions the elder authority (addressed as ‘best of the Kurus’) about hierarchies of charitable giving, preparing for a discourse praising excellent gifts and the honoring of exemplary brāhmaṇas.