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Shloka 19

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

तत्तु दत्त हरेत्‌ पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमहति । अवश्यं हि धन देयं शूद्रापुत्राय भारत

tattu dattaṁ haret pitrā nādattaṁ hartum arhati | avaśyaṁ hi dhanaṁ deyaṁ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ||

പിതാവ് നൽകിയതേ അവൻ സ്വീകരിക്കണം; നൽകാത്തത് പിടിച്ചെടുക്കാൻ അവകാശമില്ല. എങ്കിലും, ഹേ ഭാരത, ശൂദ്രാപുത്രന് ധനത്തിൽ ഒരു പങ്ക് നിർബന്ധമായും നൽകണം.

tatthat (property/thing)
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
tubut
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu
dattaṃgiven
dattaṃ:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootdattá (from √dā)
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
haretshould take/appropriate
haret:
TypeVerb
Root√hṛ
Formoptative (vidhiliṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
pitrāby the father
pitrā:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
adattaṃnot given
adattaṃ:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootadattá (a- + datta, from √dā)
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
hartumto take/steal/appropriate
hartum:
TypeVerb (Infinitive)
Root√hṛ
Formtumun (infinitive)
arhatiis entitled/deserves
arhati:
TypeVerb
Root√arh
Formpresent indicative (laṭ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
avaśyaṃcertainly/necessarily
avaśyaṃ:
TypeIndeclinable (adverbial)
Rootavaśya
hiindeed/for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
dhanaṃwealth
dhanaṃ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootdhana
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
deyaṃto be given / should be given
deyaṃ:
TypeAdjective (gerundive)
Rootdeya (from √dā)
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
śūdra-aputrāyato the son of a Śūdra (Śūdra-born son)
śūdra-aputrāya:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra + aputra
Formmasculine, dative, singular
bhārataO Bhārata
bhārata:
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootbhārata
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)
F
father (pitṛ)
S
son of a Shudra woman (śūdrāputra)

Educational Q&A

Property should be taken only through rightful allotment by the father; unauthorized appropriation is unethical. At the same time, fairness in distribution is emphasized by requiring that even a son born of a Shudra woman receive an assured share.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and social/legal duties, he lays down a rule about inheritance and entitlement: one may accept what is granted, not seize what is ungranted, while also prescribing an obligatory provision for a śūdrāputra.