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Shloka 20

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

आर्षे गोमिथुनं शुल्क केचिदाहुर्मुषैव तत्‌ । अल्पो वा बहु वा राजन्‌ विक्रयस्तावदेव स:,राजन्‌! कुछ लोग आर्ष विवाहमें एक गाय और एक बैल--इन दो पशुओंको मूल्यके रूपमें लेनेका विधान बताते हैं, परंतु यह भी मिथ्या ही है; क्योंकि मूल्य थोड़ा लिया जाय या बहुत, उतनेहीसे वह कन्याका विक्रय हो जाता है

ārṣe gomithunaṁ śulkaṁ kecid āhur muṣaiva tat | alpo vā bahu vā rājan vikrayas tāvad eva saḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ആർഷവിവാഹത്തിൽ ഒരു പശുവും ഒരു കാളയും ‘ശുല്കം’ ആണെന്ന് ചിലർ പറയുന്നു; എന്നാൽ അതും മിഥ്യാധാരണയാണ്. കാരണം വില കുറവായാലും കൂടുതലായാലും, അത്രകൊണ്ട് തന്നെ അത് കന്യാവിക്രയമായിത്തീരുന്നു।

आर्षेin the Ārṣa (form of marriage)
आर्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ष
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गोमिथुनम्a pair of cattle (cow-and-bull pair)
गोमिथुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोमिथुन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शुल्कम्as bride-price / fee
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
केचित्some (people)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आहुःsay / declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3, Plural
मुषाfalsely / untruly
मुषा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुषा
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that (statement/practice)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अल्पःsmall (amount)
अल्पः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बहुःlarge (amount)
बहुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विक्रयःsale
विक्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तावत्to that extent / just so much
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःthat (act) / it
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
Ā
Ārṣa marriage (ārṣa-vivāha)
C
cow (go)
B
bull (vṛṣabha implied by gomithuna)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that taking any payment as a condition of marriage—whether small or large—turns the act into a ‘sale’ (vikraya) of the bride, and is therefore ethically and dharmically objectionable, even if some try to justify it under the label of Ārṣa marriage.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhīṣma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and clarifies a disputed point about the Ārṣa form of marriage: he rejects the idea that giving a cow and bull as ‘śulka’ is a valid prescription, arguing that it effectively constitutes commercialization of the maiden.