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Shloka 31

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

भीष्य उवाच नैव निष्ठाकरं शुल्कं ज्ञात्वा5डसीत्‌ तेन नाहतम्‌ | न हि शुल्कपरा: सन्त: कनन्‍्यां ददति कहिचित्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन! मूल्य दे देनेसे ही विवाहका अन्तिम निश्चय नहीं हो जाता (उसमें परिवर्तनकी सम्भावना रहती ही है)। यह समझकर ही मूल्य देनेवाला मूल्य देता है और फिर उसे वापस नहीं माँगता। सज्जन पुरुष कभी-कभी मूल्य लेकर भी किसी विशेष कारणवश कन्यादान नहीं करते हैं

bhīṣma uvāca: naiva niṣṭhākaraṁ śulkaṁ jñātvā dāsīt tena nāhatam | na hi śulka-parāḥ santaḥ kanyāṁ dadati karhi cit ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ശുല്കം നൽകിയതുകൊണ്ടുമാത്രം വിവാഹം മാറ്റമില്ലാതെ ഉറപ്പാകുന്നില്ല. മാറ്റം സംഭവിക്കാമെന്നു അറിഞ്ഞുതന്നെ നൽകുന്നവൻ ശുല്കം നൽകുന്നു; അതിനാൽ അവൻ വഞ്ചിക്കപ്പെട്ടവനല്ല. സജ്ജനർ ശുല്കം മാത്രം നോക്കി എല്ലാ സാഹചര്യങ്ങളിലും കന്യാദാനം ചെയ്യുന്നില്ല.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निष्ठाकरम्making (something) final; decisive
निष्ठाकरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्ठाकर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शुल्कम्bride-price; payment
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known/understanding
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
आदत्तेtakes/gives (pays)
आदत्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
तेनby that/therefore
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आहतम्struck/afflicted; (here) wronged/cheated
आहतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
शुल्कपराःintent on the payment/bride-price
शुल्कपराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुल्कपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सन्तःgood people; the virtuous
सन्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
Formशतृ (present active participle used substantively), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
कन्याम्a maiden/daughter
कन्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ददतिgive (in marriage)
ददति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कदाचित्ever/at any time; sometimes
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that a monetary payment connected with marriage (śulka) does not automatically make the match final or morally binding; since circumstances may change, the payer gives with that understanding and should not claim injury, and even respectable families may refuse to give the maiden despite payment due to valid reasons.

In Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dharma and social conduct, Bhishma addresses the ethics of marriage arrangements involving śulka, clarifying that payment alone does not guarantee kanyādāna and that the giver’s decision may still change without implying wrongdoing.