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Shloka 14

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

यदि स्वविषये राजन प्रभुस्त्व॑ं रक्षणे नृणाम्‌ खेचरस्य तृषार्तस्य न त्वं प्रभुरथोत्तम,श्रेष्ठ नरेश्वर! अपने देशमें रहनेवाले मनुष्योंकी ही रक्षा करनेके लिये आप राजा बनाये गये हैं। भूख-प्याससे पीड़ित हुए पक्षीके आप स्वामी नहीं हैं

yadi svaviṣaye rājan prabhus tvaṁ rakṣaṇe nṛṇām | khecarasya tṛṣārtasya na tvaṁ prabhur athottama ||

പരുന്ത് പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ രാജാവേ! നിന്റെ അധികാരം നിന്റെ രാജ്യത്തിൽ വസിക്കുന്ന മനുഷ്യരെ സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിലേക്കു മാത്രമെങ്കിൽ, നീ മനുഷ്യരുടെ രക്ഷകനാണ്. എന്നാൽ ആകാശചാരിയായ, വിശപ്പും ദാഹവും കൊണ്ട് പീഡിതനായ ഈ പക്ഷിയുടെ മേൽ നീ അധിപൻ അല്ല, ഹേ രഥോത്തമാ।

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
स्वविषयेin (your) own domain/territory
स्वविषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रभुःmaster; competent authority
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
रक्षणेin the act of protecting; in protection
रक्षणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नृणाम्of men/people
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
खेचरस्यof the sky-goer (bird)
खेचरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootखेचर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तृषार्तस्यof one afflicted by thirst
तृषार्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootतृषा-आर्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
प्रभुःmaster; lord
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen/indeed (emphatic connector)
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
उत्तमO best (one)
उत्तम:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk)
R
Rājan (the king, addressed)
K
khecara (a bird/sky-going creature)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a boundary of royal authority: a king’s dharma is primarily the protection of human subjects within his realm. The hawk argues that this mandate does not automatically make the king the ‘master’ over every creature’s natural needs, especially a hungry, thirst-stricken bird, thereby raising questions about jurisdiction, duty, and the limits of intervention.

In a disputation involving a hawk (śyena) and a king, the hawk challenges the king’s claim to protect by asserting that the king’s protective authority applies to people of his territory, not to the hawk’s urgent condition as a sky-roaming creature driven by hunger and thirst.