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Shloka 46

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

निष्क्रान्ते मयि कल्याणि तथा संनिहिते5नघे । नातिथिस्ते5वमन्तव्य: प्रमाणं यद्यहं तव,“कल्याणि! निष्पाप! यदि तुम मुझे आदर्श मानती हो तो मैं घरमें रहूँ या घरसे कहीं दूर निकल जाऊँ, तुम्हें किसी भी दशामें अतिथिका अनादर नहीं करना चाहिये'

niṣkrānte mayi kalyāṇi tathā saṃnihite ’naghe | nātithis te ’vamantavyaḥ pramāṇaṃ yady ahaṃ tava ||

കല്യാണി, അനഘേ! നീ എന്നെ ആചരണത്തിന്റെ മാനദണ്ഡമായി കരുതുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, ഞാൻ പുറപ്പെട്ടുപോയാലും സമീപത്ത് തന്നെയുണ്ടായാലും—ഏതു സാഹചര്യത്തിലും അതിഥിയെ അവമാനിക്കരുത്.

निष्क्रान्तेwhen (I am) gone out/departed
निष्क्रान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्क्रान्त (नि√क्रम्)
Formmasculine, locative, singular
मयिin/with regard to me
मयि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, locative, singular
कल्याणिO auspicious one
कल्याणि:
TypeNoun
Rootकल्याणी
Formfeminine, vocative, singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
संनिहितेwhen (I am) present/nearby
संनिहिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनिहित (सम्-नि√धा)
Formmasculine, locative, singular
अनघेO sinless one
अनघे:
TypeNoun
Rootअनघा
Formfeminine, vocative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतिथिःa guest
अतिथिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, genitive, singular
अवमन्तव्यःto be disrespected/neglected
अवमन्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवमन्तव्य (अव√मन् + तव्य)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रमाणम्authority/standard
प्रमाणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, nominative, singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, genitive, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
atithi (guest)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches atithi-dharma: a guest must never be dishonored. Hospitality and respectful reception are binding ethical duties, independent of personal convenience or whether an elder/authority figure is present to supervise.

Bhīṣma addresses a woman respectfully (“kalyāṇi,” “anaghe”) and lays down a rule of conduct: whether he is away or nearby, she should not slight a guest. He frames himself as a pramāṇa (moral exemplar) and instructs her to follow this standard.