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Shloka 3

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

केन मृत्युर्गृहस्थेन धर्ममाश्रित्य निर्जित: । इत्येतत्‌ सर्वमाचक्ष्व तत्त्वेनापि च पार्थिव,भूपाल! किस गृहस्थने केवल धर्मका आश्रय लेकर मृत्युपर विजय पायी है? यह सब बातें आप यथार्थरूपसे कहिये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

kena mṛtyur gṛhasthena dharmam āśritya nirjitaḥ |

ity etat sarvam ācakṣva tattvenāpi ca pārthiva bhūpāla ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഹേ ഭൂപാലാ! ധർമ്മത്തെ മാത്രം ആശ്രയിച്ച് ഏത് ഗൃഹസ്ഥൻ മരണത്തെ ജയിച്ചു? ഹേ പാർത്ഥിവാ! ഇതെല്ലാം സത്യതത്ത്വപ്രകാരം എനിക്ക് പറഞ്ഞുതരുക।

केनby whom/with what
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गृहस्थेनby a householder
गृहस्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रित्यhaving resorted to
आश्रित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as indeclinable gerund)
निर्जितःconquered/overcome
निर्जितः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√जि
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आचक्ष्वtell/declare
आचक्ष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चक्ष्
Formलोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्त्वेनin truth/accurately
तत्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भूपालO protector of the earth (king)
भूपाल:
TypeNoun
Rootभूपाल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
M
Mṛtyu (Death)
G
gṛhastha (householder)
D
dharma
P
pārthiva/bhūpāla (king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral inquiry: whether steadfast reliance on dharma within ordinary household life can ‘conquer’ Death—i.e., transcend fear of mortality through righteous living, truthfulness, and ethical discipline.

Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions a kingly authority figure, asking for a truthful account of a householder who overcame Death by adhering to dharma, setting up an instructive exemplum within the Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic discourse.