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Shloka 23

Viṣṇu-sahasranāma—Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Recitation (विष्णोर्नामसहस्रम्)

पापोंके कारण दुर्गम नरकमें पड़े हुए प्राणी भूख-प्याससे पीड़ित हो अतामें जलते हुए पकाये जाते हैं। वहाँ उस यातनासे निकल भागनेका कोई उपाय नहीं है ।।

andhakāraṃ tamo ghoraṃ praviśanty alpabuddhayaḥ | tatra dharmaṃ pravakṣyāmi yena durgāṇi santaret ||

അൽപബുദ്ധികൾ ഭയാനകമായ അന്ധകാരം—ഘോര തമസ്സിലേക്ക് പ്രവേശിക്കുന്നു. അതിനാൽ ദുർഗമാവസ്ഥകൾ കടക്കാൻ സഹായിക്കുന്ന ധർമ്മം ഞാൻ പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു.

अन्धकारम्darkness
अन्धकारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्धकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रविशन्तिenter
प्रविशन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अल्पबुद्धयःpeople of little understanding
अल्पबुद्धयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअल्पबुद्धि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
धर्मम्dharma; righteous conduct
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare/teach
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दुर्गाणिdifficult places/straits
दुर्गाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संतरेत्may cross over
संतरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-तॄ
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

यम उवाच

Y
Yama
N
Naraka

Educational Q&A

Ignorance and poor discernment lead beings into dreadful darkness and suffering; therefore one should learn and follow dharma, which is presented as the means to cross beyond perilous states such as naraka.

Yama, speaking as a moral instructor, describes the grim fate awaiting the undiscerning and then announces that he will teach dharma as a practical means of deliverance from such hard-to-escape suffering.