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Shloka 20

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

कस्माद्धि मैथुन श्राद्धे दातुर्भोक्तुश्च वर्जितम्‌ । किमर्थ च त्रय: पिण्डा: प्रविभक्ता: पृथक्‌ पृथक्‌

bhīṣma uvāca |

kasmāddhi maithunaśrāddhe dāturbhoktuśca varjitam |

kimarthaṃ ca trayaḥ piṇḍāḥ pravibhaktāḥ pṛthak pṛthak |

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ശ്രാദ്ധദിനത്തിൽ ദാതാവിനും ശ്രാദ്ധഭോജനം ചെയ്യുന്ന ബ്രാഹ്മണനും മൈഥുനം എന്തുകൊണ്ട് നിരോധിതമാണ്? കൂടാതെ ശ്രാദ്ധത്തിൽ മൂന്ന് പിണ്ഡങ്ങൾ വേർതിരിച്ച് ഒന്നൊന്നായി എന്തിനാണ് അർപ്പിക്കുന്നത്?

कस्मात्from what (cause)? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मैथुनम्sexual intercourse
मैथुनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमैथुन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
श्राद्धेin/at the śrāddha (rite)
श्राद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दातुःof the giver (performer)
दातुः:
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भोक्तुःof the eater (recipient-brāhmaṇa)
भोक्तुः:
TypeNoun
Rootभोक्तृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वर्जितम्forbidden/avoided
वर्जितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्जित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अर्थम्purpose/reason
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पिण्डाःrice-balls (piṇḍas)
पिण्डाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपिण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रविभक्ताःapportioned/divided
प्रविभक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वि-भज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
पृथक्separately (each)
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Ś
śrāddha
M
maithuna
P
piṇḍa
D
dātṛ (offerer)
B
bhoktṛ (Brahmin eater)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: śrāddha is treated as a solemn, purity-centered ancestral rite, so the text asks for the rationale behind prohibiting maithuna for both host and officiating/feeding Brahmin, and for the doctrinal meaning of offering three distinct piṇḍas.

Bhishma, in his instructional discourse on dharma and rites, raises a specific question about śrāddha procedure—seeking reasons for (1) the ban on sexual activity on the śrāddha day for the performer and the Brahmin who eats, and (2) the practice of giving three separate piṇḍa offerings.