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Shloka 25

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

स्वाहास्वधामृतभुजो देवा: सत्यार्जवप्रिया: । क्रव्यादान्‌ राक्षसान्‌ विद्धि जिह्मानृतपरायणान्‌

svāhāsvadhāmṛtabhujo devāḥ satyārjavapriyāḥ | kravyādān rākṣasān viddhi jihmānṛtaparāyaṇān ||

സ്വാഹാ (ദേവയജ്ഞം)യും സ്വധാ (പിതൃയജ്ഞം)യും അനുഷ്ഠിച്ച്, യജ്ഞശിഷ്ടമായ അമൃതസമാന പ്രസാദം ഭുജിച്ച്, സത്യത്തെയും ആർജവത്തെയും സ്നേഹിക്കുന്നവർ—ആചരണത്തിൽ ദേവന്മാരെന്നപോലെ അറിയപ്പെടണം. എന്നാൽ മാംസഭക്ഷണത്തിൽ ജീവിച്ച്, കപടതയിലും അസത്യവചനത്തിലും പരായണരായവരെ റാക്ഷസരെന്നു അറിക.

स्वाहाsvāhā (oblation-call in deva-sacrifice)
स्वाहा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वाहा
Formavyaya
स्वधाsvadhā (oblation-call in pitṛ-sacrifice)
स्वधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वधा
Formavyaya
अमृतभुजःeaters of nectar (i.e., of the sacrificial remainder)
अमृतभुजः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमृतभुज्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सत्यार्जवप्रियाःfond of truth and straightforwardness
सत्यार्जवप्रियाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यार्जवप्रिय
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
क्रव्यादान्flesh-eating
क्रव्यादान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रव्याद
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
राक्षसान्rākṣasas (demons)
राक्षसान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
विद्धिknow (you should know/understand)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formimperative, 2nd person, singular, parasmaipada
जिह्मानृतपरायणान्devoted to crookedness and falsehood
जिह्मानृतपरायणान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजिह्मानृतपरायण
Formmasculine, accusative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
Devas
R
Rākṣasas
S
Svāhā
S
Svadhā

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma defines ‘deva’ and ‘rākṣasa’ primarily as ethical types: devotion to truth, simplicity, and sacrificial discipline aligns one with the deva-nature, while deceit, falsehood, and habitual flesh-eating align one with rākṣasa-nature.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues his didactic discourse, offering a moral classification of beings by conduct—contrasting those who uphold yajña and truthful straightforwardness with those devoted to deception and violent appetite.