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Shloka 40

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

अधर्मेण समायुक्तो यमस्य विषयं गत: । महद्‌ दुःखं समासाद्य तिर्यग्योनौ प्रजायते,अधर्मपरायण मनुष्य यमलोकमें जाता है और वहाँ महान्‌ दुःख भोगकर यहाँ पशु- पक्षियोंकी योनिमें जन्म लेता है

adharmeṇa samāyukto yamasya viṣayaṃ gataḥ | mahad duḥkhaṃ samāsādya tiryagyonau prajāyate ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അധർമ്മത്തോട് ചേർന്നിരിക്കുന്ന മനുഷ്യൻ യമന്റെ അധീനപ്രദേശത്തേക്ക് (യമലോകത്തിലേക്ക്) പോകുന്നു. അവിടെ മഹാദുഃഖം അനുഭവിച്ച്, ഇവിടെ മൃഗ-പക്ഷി യോനിയിൽ ജന്മം എടുക്കുന്നു.

अधर्मेणby unrighteousness
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
समायुक्तःendowed/associated (with)
समायुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यमस्यof Yama
यमस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विषयम्domain/realm
विषयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गतःgone (having gone)
गतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महद्great
महद्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving reached/undergone
समासाद्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
तिर्यक्-योनौin an animal birth/womb
तिर्यक्-योनौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतिर्यक् + योनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
प्रजायतेis born
प्रजायते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√जन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Y
Yama
Y
Yamaloka (Yama’s realm)

Educational Q&A

Adharma leads to painful consequences: the wrongdoer falls under Yama’s judgment, suffers in Yama’s realm, and then takes a lower rebirth (tiryag-yoni). The verse stresses moral causality—conduct shapes post-mortem experience and future birth.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira speaks about the fate of those devoted to adharma, describing a sequence of punishment in Yama’s domain followed by rebirth among animals/birds.