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Shloka 11

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

गच्छन्त्यमुत्र लोक॑ वै क एनमनुगच्छति । युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भगवन्‌! आप सम्पूर्ण धर्मोके ज्ञाता और सब शास्त्रोंके विद्वान हैं; अतः बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Gacchanty amutra lokaṃ vai ka enam anugacchati? Pitā mātā putro guruḥ sajātīya-sambandhī mitrādayaś ca—eteṣāṃ madhye manuṣyasya satyaḥ sahāyakaḥ kaḥ? Yadā sarve mṛtaṃ śarīraṃ kāṣṭha-loṣṭra-samam utsṛjya gacchanti, tadā asya jīvasya saha paraloke kaḥ gacchati? Bṛhaspatir uvāca: Ekaḥ prasūyate rājann eka eva vinaśyati.

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ ചോദിച്ചു—ഈ ജീവൻ പരലോകത്തിലേക്ക് പോകുമ്പോൾ അവനെ അനുഗമിക്കുന്നത് ആര്? കാരണം ആളുകൾ മരിച്ച ശരീരത്തെ മരക്കഷണം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ മണ്ണുകട്ട പോലെ കരുതി ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുന്നു. ബൃഹസ്പതി പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ, മനുഷ്യൻ ഒറ്റയ്ക്കാണ് ജനിക്കുന്നത്; ഒറ്റയ്ക്കാണ് നശിക്കുന്നത്।

गच्छन्तिthey go
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गच्छ्)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, बहुवचन
अमुत्रthere (in the other world)
अमुत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअमुत्र
लोकम्world, realm
लोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
Formपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एनम्him (this one)
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (एनद्-प्रयोगः)
Formपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अनुगच्छतिfollows
अनुगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (अनु + गम्)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
बृहस्पतिःBṛhaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलिट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
एकःalone, one
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रसूयतेis born, comes forth
प्रसूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootसू (प्र + सू)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formपुं, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
एकःalone, one
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विनश्यतिperishes, dies
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (वि + नश्)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bṛhaspati
P
paraloka (the other world)
P
pitā (father)
M
mātā (mother)
P
putra (son)
G
guru (teacher)
S
sajātīya-sambandhī (kinsmen)
M
mitra (friend)
Ś
śarīra (body)
K
kāṣṭha (wood)
L
loṣṭa/loṣṭra (clod of earth)

Educational Q&A

The passage stresses existential aloneness at birth and death: social relations cannot literally accompany one beyond death. The implied ethical lesson is that one’s true ‘companion’ is one’s own conduct—especially dharma and karma—since these shape one’s fate in the next world, not external attachments.

Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bṛhaspati about who truly helps a person after death, noting that even close relatives abandon the corpse. Bṛhaspati answers with a stark maxim: a person is born alone and dies alone, redirecting attention from worldly dependence to inner responsibility and righteous action.