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Shloka 42

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

काम यथादद्विहितं विधात्रा पृष्टेन वाच्यं तु मया यथावत्‌ | तपो हि नान्यच्चानशनान्मतं मे नमोस्तु ते देववर प्रसीद

kāmaṃ yathādad dvihitaṃ vidhātrā pṛṣṭena vācyaṃ tu mayā yathāvat | tapo hi nānyac cānaśanān mataṃ me namo 'stu te deva-vara prasīda ||

ഭഗീരഥൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദേവേശ്വരാ! സ്രഷ്ടാവ് വിധിച്ച പ്രകാരം, എന്റെ തന്നെ നിശ്ചയമനുസരിച്ച് ഞാൻ വിധിപൂർവം അനശനവ്രതം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചു. നിങ്ങൾ ചോദിച്ചതിനാൽ, എല്ലാം യഥാവത്തായി പറയുന്നത് ഉചിതം; അതുകൊണ്ട് എല്ലാം പറഞ്ഞു. എന്റെ ബോധത്തിൽ അനശനത്തേക്കാൾ വലിയ തപസ്സില്ല. ദേവവരാ! നമസ്കാരം—എന്നോട് പ്രസന്നനാകണമേ.

कामम्desire / wish (as intended)
कामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas / according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आदत्gave / granted
आदत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (आ-दा)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विहितम्ordained / prescribed
विहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (PPP: विहित)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विधात्राby the creator / ordainer
विधात्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधातृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पृष्टेनwhen asked / by (your) asking
पृष्टेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपृच्छ् (PPP: पृष्ट)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाच्यम्to be said / should be spoken
वाच्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (gerundive: वाच्य)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
यथावत्properly / as it is
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
तपःausterity / penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्other (anything else)
अन्यत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनशनात्than fasting / from fasting
अनशनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनशन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मतम्considered / held (as opinion)
मतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमन् (PPP: मत)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अस्तुlet there be / may it be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative (Loṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेto you / your
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
देववरO best of gods
देववर:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रसीदbe pleased / show favor
प्रसीद:
TypeVerb
Rootसद् (प्र-सीद्)
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवेश्वरO lord of gods
देवेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भगीरथ उवाच

B
Bhagīratha
V
Vidhātṛ (Creator/Ordainer)
D
Deva-vara (best of gods, addressed deity)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates disciplined fasting (anaśana) as a supreme form of tapas and links ascetic practice with dharma: when questioned by a higher authority, one should speak truthfully and completely (yathāvat), without concealment.

Bhagīratha addresses a divine being, explaining that he has properly completed the prescribed fast. Because the deity has asked, he reports his actions fully and then offers reverence, requesting the god’s favor.