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Shloka 40

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

सर्प उवाच सर्व एते हास्ववशा दण्डचक्रादयो यथा । तथाहमपि तस्मान्मे नैष दोषो मतस्तव,सर्पने कहा--व्याध! जैसे मिट्टीका बर्तन बनानेमें ये दण्ड-चक्र आदि सभी कारण पराधीन होते हैं, उसी प्रकार मैं भी मृत्युके अधीन हूँ। इसलिये तुमने जो मुझपर दोष लगाया है, वह ठीक नहीं है

sarpa uvāca sarva ete hāsvavaśā daṇḍacakrādayo yathā | tathāham api tasmān me naiṣa doṣo mataḥ tava ||

സർപ്പം പറഞ്ഞു—വ്യാധാ! മണ്ണുപാത്രം രൂപപ്പെടുത്തുമ്പോൾ ദണ്ഡം, ചക്രം മുതലായ ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ എല്ലാം മറ്റൊരാളുടെ അധീനത്തിലാണ് പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നത്; അതുപോലെ ഞാനും മരണത്തിന്റെ അധീനനാണ്. അതിനാൽ നീ എനിക്കുമേൽ ചുമത്തുന്ന കുറ്റം എന്റെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ യുക്തമല്ല.

सर्पःthe serpent
सर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अस्ववशाःnot independent, dependent
अस्ववशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्ववश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दण्डचक्रादयःthe stick, wheel, etc. (implements)
दण्डचक्रादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डचक्रादि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
मेof me/my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दोषःfault/blame
दोषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मतःconsidered/thought (to be)
मतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत (√मन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular

सर्प उवाच

S
Sarpa (serpent)
V
Vyādha (hunter) (implied by address)
M
Mṛtyu (Death) (explicit in the prose gloss; implicit in ‘under control’)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues about moral responsibility: beings often act under forces beyond their independent control (here, ‘Death’/inevitability), so blame should be assigned carefully, distinguishing intention and autonomy from compulsion and circumstance.

In a dialogue with a hunter, the serpent defends itself against accusation, using the analogy of potter’s tools that function only under an operator’s control, claiming it too is constrained by a higher power (Death) and thus should not be condemned as solely culpable.