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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 45

Nine Creations (Sarga), Guṇa-Streams of Beings, and Brahmā’s Progeny in Cyclic Time

Devanagari script

तस्मादहर्देवतानां रात्रिः स्याद् देवविद्विषाम् / तयोर्मध्ये पितॄणां तु मूर्तिः सन्ध्या गरीयसी

Transliteration

tasmādahardevatānāṃ rātriḥ syād devavidviṣām / tayormadhye pitṝṇāṃ tu mūrtiḥ sandhyā garīyasī

Translation

അതുകൊണ്ട് ദേവന്മാർക്ക് ‘പകൽ’ ആയതു ദേവദ്വേഷികൾക്ക് ‘രാത്രി’ ആകുന്നു. ആ രണ്ടിന്റെയും മദ്ധ്യേ പിതൃകളുടെ ഏറ്റവും വന്ദ്യമായ രൂപം ‘സന്ധ്യ’ തന്നെയാണ്.

Word by Word
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
हेतु/अपादान (Cause/Source)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रयोगः; पञ्चमी-एकवचनार्थे (ablatival: 'therefore/from that')
अहःday
अहः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative, Singular)
देवतानाम्of the deities
देवतानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Feminine, Genitive, Plural)
रात्रिःnight
रात्रिः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Nominative, Singular)
स्यात्would be/should be
स्यात्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम् (3rd person singular)
देवविद्विषाम्of the enemies of the gods
देवविद्विषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-विद्विष् (प्रातिपदिक; देव + विद्विष्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Plural)
तयोःof the two (day and night)
तयोः:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, द्विवचन (Genitive, Dual); सर्वनाम
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Locative, Singular)
पितॄणाम्of the Pitṛs
पितॄणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Plural)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (contrastive particle)
मूर्तिःform/manifestation
मूर्तिः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Nominative, Singular)
सन्ध्याtwilight
सन्ध्या:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Nominative, Singular); समानााधिकरण (apposition with मूर्तिः)
गरीयसीmore weighty/greater
गरीयसी:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootगरियस् (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक-विशेषण)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Nominative, Singular); तुलनात्मक (comparative)
Speaker

Sūta (narrating to the sages), within the Kurma Purana’s teaching on kāla (cosmic time) and ritual junctions (sandhyā)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities
D
Devatāḥ (gods)
D
Devavidviṣaḥ (opponents of the gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
S
Sandhyā (twilight)

FAQs

Indirectly: by emphasizing Sandhyā as a liminal ‘junction’ (saṃdhi) that is revered, the verse points to a dharmic discipline where one turns inward at transitions—supporting steadiness of awareness that later Shaiva-Vaishnava teachings associate with realizing the Self beyond changing time.

The verse highlights Sandhyā as supremely important—supporting sandhyā-vandana (twilight worship), japa, and disciplined daily observances. In the Kurma Purana’s broader spiritual frame, such regular junction-practices stabilize the mind (citta) and purify karma, forming a foundation compatible with Pashupata-oriented restraint and devotion.

Not explicitly by name here; the synthesis appears in the shared dharmic emphasis: reverence for Sandhyā and Pitṛs is upheld as a universal discipline across sectarian lines, aligning with the Kurma Purana’s wider tendency to harmonize Vaiṣṇava devotion with Śaiva-Pāśupata ritual and yogic discipline.

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