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Shloka 99

Santaptaka’s Encounter with Five Pretas and Their Liberation through Viṣṇu’s Presence

Devanagari script

प्रणयेन स्खलद्वाचः खग नोचुः किमप्युत / रजसा गोरचित्तानां तमसा मूढचेतसाम् / कृपया यः समुद्धारं कुरुषे वै नमो ऽस्त ते

Transliteration

praṇayena skhaladvācaḥ khaga nocuḥ kimapyuta / rajasā goracittānāṃ tamasā mūḍhacetasām / kṛpayā yaḥ samuddhāraṃ kuruṣe vai namo 'sta te

Translation

ഹേ ഖഗ (ഗരുഡാ)! സ്നേഹവശാൽ അവരുടെ വാക്കുകൾ ഇടറിപ്പോയി; അവർക്ക് ഒന്നും വ്യക്തമായി പറയാനായില്ല. രജസ്സാൽ കഠിനചിത്തരും തമസ്സാൽ മോഹിതബുദ്ധിയുള്ളവരുമായവരെ പോലും നീ കരുണയാൽ ഉയർത്തുന്നു—നിനക്കു നമസ്കാരം।

Word by Word
प्रणयेनby affection; with love
प्रणयेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रणय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by/with affection)
स्खलद्वाचःstammering voices/speeches
स्खलद्वाचः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्खलत् (कृदन्त, √स्खल्) + वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; समासः कर्मधारयः (स्खलद्वाचः = स्खलन्त्यः वाचः)
खगO bird (Garuda)
खग:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootखग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन — Vocative singular
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय — negative particle
ऊचुःthey said
ऊचुः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन — Perfect, 3rd person plural
किम्anything; something
किम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular (something/anything)
अपिeven; also
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात — particle (even/also)
उतindeed; and
उत:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (अव्यय)
Formनिपात — particle (and/indeed)
रजसाby rajas (passion/dust)
रजसा:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by rajas/passion)
गोरचित्तानाम्of the dull-minded
गोरचित्तानाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगोर (प्रातिपदिक; गोरा) + चित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन — Genitive plural; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (गोराणां चित्तानि)
तमसाby tamas (darkness/ignorance)
तमसा:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by tamas/darkness)
मूढचेतसाम्of the deluded-minded
मूढचेतसाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमूढ (प्रातिपदिक) + चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन — Genitive plural; समासः कर्मधारयः (मूढं चेतः येषाम्)
कृपयाby compassion
कृपया:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकृपा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by compassion)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (relative pronoun)
समुद्धारम्uplift; deliverance
समुद्धारम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्धार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular
कुरुषेyou perform; you do
कुरुषे:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद — Present, 2nd person singular (you do)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात — emphatic particle
नमःsalutation
नमः:
Kriya (Utterance/क्रिया)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः (salutation)
अस्तुbe (may it be)
अस्तु:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formलोट् (आज्ञार्थ), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Imperative/benedictive sense: “let it be”
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी, एकवचन — Genitive/Dative singular (to you/your)
Speaker

Departed beings/afflicted souls (collectively) addressing Garuda

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Compassionate grace uplifts even those clouded by rajas and tamas when they turn with reverence.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇa-bound mind as cause of delusion; liberation/uplift through sattva-awakening aided by divine/saintly compassion (anugraha).

Application: Cultivate humility and devotion; seek elevating association and practices that reduce rajas/tamas (japa, sat-saṅga, seva, restraint).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: emphasis on guṇas shaping post-mortem fate and the saving power of devotion/recitation; Garuda Purana: praise of Garuḍa/Vishnu as deliverers from preta-state

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse links harshness and delusion to rajas and tamas, implying that a soul’s post-death condition mirrors its inner qualities and tendencies cultivated in life.

It suggests that some departed beings are too overcome by agitation (rajas) and darkness (tamas) to even speak clearly, and therefore require compassionate assistance for uplift and safe passage.

Cultivate clarity (sattva) through ethical living, restraint, and prayer; and support the departed with compassionate rites and remembrance rather than fear or neglect.

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