Shloka 46
Mukti-tattva Upadeśa: Knowledge as the Direct Cause of Liberation
दुः खमूलं हि संसारः स यस्यास्ति स दुः खितः / तस्य त्यागः कृतो येन स सुखी नापरः क्वचित्
duḥ khamūlaṃ hi saṃsāraḥ sa yasyāsti sa duḥ khitaḥ / tasya tyāgaḥ kṛto yena sa sukhī nāparaḥ kvacit
സംസാരം ദുഃഖത്തിന്റെ മൂലമാണ്; അതിൽ ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടു നിൽക്കുന്നവൻ ദുഃഖിതനാകുന്നു. ആ ആസക്തി ഉപേക്ഷിച്ചവൻ മാത്രമേ സത്യസുഖി—മറ്റാരുമില്ല, എവിടെയും.
Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Saṃsāra is duḥkha-mūla; happiness belongs to the one who abandons attachment to it, not to the one who remains bound.
Vedantic Theme: Duḥkha as inherent to avidyā-based identification; vairāgya as a limb of liberation (sādhana-catuṣṭaya).
Application: Identify recurring sources of distress as attachment-patterns; practice deliberate letting-go (aparigraha, simplified living), and cultivate steady contemplation/namasmaraṇa.
Primary Rasa: karuna
Secondary Rasa: shanta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana: recurring exhortations to renunciation and remembrance of death (theme-level parallel)
FAQs
This verse states that sorrow arises from bondage to samsara, and that true happiness belongs to the one who renounces that binding attachment.
Preta Kanda teachings emphasize that clinging and attachment generate suffering across transitions; cultivating renunciation reduces fear and distress in post-death states and supports a higher course.
Practice non-attachment: reduce compulsive craving, act with dharma, and treat possessions and status as temporary—this directly lessens mental suffering.