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Shloka 43

Akālamṛtyu: Preta-state Categories and the Nārāyaṇa-bali / Ekoddiṣṭa Remedy

Devanagari script

सामगाय शिवोद्देशात्प्रदद्यात्कलधौतकम् / यमोद्देशात्तिलांल्लोहं ततो दद्याच्च दक्षिणाम्

Transliteration

sāmagāya śivoddeśātpradadyātkaladhautakam / yamoddeśāttilāṃllohaṃ tato dadyācca dakṣiṇām

Translation

സാമഗാനം ചെയ്യുന്ന സാമഗന് ശിവന്റെ ഉദ്ദേശത്തോടെ ശുദ്ധീകരിച്ച സ്വർണം ദാനമായി നൽകണം. യമന്റെ ഉദ്ദേശത്തോടെ എള്ളും ഇരുമ്പും നൽകണം; തുടർന്ന് ദക്ഷിണയും അർപ്പിക്കണം.

Word by Word
सामगायto a Sāmaveda-chanter
सामगाय:
सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootसामग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th), एकवचन; Dative singular
शिव-उद्देशात्for (the intention of) Shiva
शिव-उद्देशात्:
हेतु/अपादान (Hetu/Ablative of cause/purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्देश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; Ablative singular; ‘for the purpose/intention of Śiva’
प्र-दा॒द्यात्should give
प्र-दा॒द्यात्:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; Parasmaipada; from √दा with prefix प्र
कलधौतकम्gold (refined gold)
कलधौतकम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकलधौतक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular
यम-उद्देशात्for (the intention of) Yama
यम-उद्देशात्:
हेतु/अपादान (Hetu/Ablative of cause/purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्देश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; Ablative singular; ‘for the intention of Yama’
तिलान्sesame seeds
तिलान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतिल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; Accusative plural
लोहम्iron/metal
लोहम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object; with तिलान् as co-object)
TypeNoun
Rootलोह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रम/अनन्तरार्थक (adverb: then/thereafter)
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; Parasmaipada
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
दक्षिणाम्honorarium/fee
दक्षिणाम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Within śrāddha/antyeṣṭi-associated dāna sequence; dakṣiṇā given after the specified deity-uddeśa gifts.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Deity-specific dāna: gold for Sāma-chanter under Śiva-uddeśa; sesame and iron under Yama-uddeśa; completion with dakṣiṇā.

Vedantic Theme: Ritual action as purifier when aligned with cosmic governance (Śiva as auspiciousness; Yama as dharma-niyantā).

Application: Complete rites without omission: appropriate materials, correct intention (uddeśa), and fair compensation to officiants.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.40 (sequence of śrāddha/antyeṣṭi adjunct gifts and fees)

Characters & Entities
S
Shiva
Y
Yama
S
Sāmaga (Sāma Veda chanter)

FAQs

This verse teaches that offerings are made with a clear dedication (uddeśa) to particular deities—Śiva or Yama—so the charity aligns with the rite’s intended spiritual purpose during śrāddha and post-death observances.

Here, sesame and iron are prescribed specifically under Yama’s dedication, reflecting traditional śrāddha materials associated with protection, expiation, and orderly passage under Yama’s jurisdiction in the post-death framework.

Perform charity with clear intention and proper recipients: support Vedic learning (e.g., qualified chanters/priests), give meaningful materials in memory of the departed, and ensure fair dakṣiṇā—ethical giving done with dedication is the core takeaway.

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