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Shloka 54

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

प्रति मासं प्रदातव्यं मृताहे या तिथिर्भवेत् / स मासः प्रथमो ज्ञेय इति वेदविदो विदुः

Transliteration

prati māsaṃ pradātavyaṃ mṛtāhe yā tithirbhavet / sa māsaḥ prathamo jñeya iti vedavido viduḥ

Translation

ഓരോ മാസവും മരണദിനത്തിലെ ഏത് തിഥിയാണോ, അതേ തിഥിയിൽ പിണ്ഡദാനാദി അർപ്പിക്കണം. ആ മാസത്തെയാണ് (മാസികക്രമത്തിൽ) ആദ്യമെന്ന് വേദവിദർ പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word
प्रतिeach; per
प्रति:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; वितरण/पुनरावृत्त्यर्थ (per/each)
मासम्month
मासम्:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कालवाचक
प्र-दातव्यम्should be given
प्र-दातव्यम्:
विधेय/भाव (Vidhi-bhāva)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formतव्यत्-कृदन्त (gerundive/passive necessity); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः—'to be given/should be given'
मृत-अहेon the day of death
मृत-अहे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + अह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मृतस्य अहः); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; 'on the death-day'
याwhich
या:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-प्रत्यय (relative pronoun)
तिथिःlunar day (tithi)
तिथिः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भवेत्may be; should occur
भवेत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
सःthat
सः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; निर्देशक (demonstrative)
मासःmonth
मासः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रथमःfirst
प्रथमः:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मासः इति विशेषणम्
ज्ञेयःshould be known
ज्ञेयः:
विधेय/भाव (Vidhi-bhāva)
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formयत्-कृदन्त (gerundive); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'to be known/should be understood'
इतिthus
इति:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
वेद-विदःknowers of the Veda
वेद-विदः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवेद (प्रातिपदिक) + विद् (प्रातिपदिक: 'knower')
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वेदस्य विदः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
विदुःknow; have declared
विदुः:
क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vainateya)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Monthly on the death tithi; the first month is determined by that tithi’s recurrence as taught by Veda-knowers.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Monthly śrāddha is to be performed on the same tithi as the death-day; that month counts as the first in the sequence.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as alignment with ṛta (cosmic order) through correct kāla (time) observance.

Application: Identify the death tithi; each lunar month perform māsika śrāddha on that tithi; count the first month from the first recurrence of that tithi after death (as tradition defines).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34.55-56 (definition of first śrāddha; tithi exceptions).

Characters & Entities
V
Veda

FAQs

This verse states that the proper monthly observance is tied to the same lunar tithi as the death-day, making tithi the primary marker for māsika offerings rather than a fixed solar date.

It clarifies that the month in which the relevant death-tithi occurs is to be treated as the ‘first’ month for the series of monthly offerings, as affirmed by Veda-knowers.

When planning post-death observances, prioritize the lunar tithi matching the death-day and schedule the monthly śrāddha/offerings accordingly, consulting a pañcāṅga (Hindu calendar) for accuracy.

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