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Shloka 120

An exposition on the fruits of charity and on entry into a body

Garbhotpatti, Piṇḍa-śarīra, and Antya-kāla-kriyā

Devanagari script

उत्पन्ना ये हि संसारे म्रियन्ते ते न संशयः / बुभुक्षा च तृषा रौद्रा दाहोद्भूता च मूर्छना

Transliteration

utpannā ye hi saṃsāre mriyante te na saṃśayaḥ / bubhukṣā ca tṛṣā raudrā dāhodbhūtā ca mūrchanā

Translation

ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ ജനിച്ചവർ നിസ്സംശയം മരിക്കുന്നു. കൂടാതെ ഭയങ്കര വിശപ്പ്, ദഹനമയമായ ദാഹം, ചൂടിൽ നിന്നുയരുന്ന മൂർച്ചയും സംഭവിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word
उत्पन्नाःborn
उत्पन्नाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत् + पद् (धातु) → उत्पन्न (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘born/arisen’—विशेषणम् (ये)
येthose who
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक-यः (relative pronoun)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ
संसारेin the world (of transmigration)
संसारे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसंसार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरण
म्रियन्तेdie
म्रियन्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootमृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; ‘they die’
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तद्-प्रत्यय (correlative pronoun)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta (Predicate nominal/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘doubt’—अस्ति-लोपे (elliptic ‘there is’)
बुभुक्षाhunger
बुभुक्षा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभुज् (धातु) → बुभुक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative noun)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘hunger’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
तृषाthirst
तृषा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतृषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘thirst’
रौद्राfierce
रौद्रा:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (तृषायाः)
दाहोद्भूताarisen from burning (heat)
दाहोद्भूता:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदाह (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्भूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दाहात् उद्भूता) — ‘arisen from burning/heat’; विशेषणम् (मूर्छनायाः)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
मूर्छनाfainting
मूर्छना:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्छना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘fainting/swoon’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Anityatā (impermanence) and duḥkha as universal conditions of embodied existence; recognition is meant to turn one toward liberation-oriented living.

Vedantic Theme: Saṃsāra-duḥkha-darśana leading to vairāgya; body as perishable upādhi.

Application: Cultivate urgency (saṃvega): prioritize dharma, remembrance of Viṣṇu, and ethical living; practice moderation and compassion toward the suffering of beings.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: existential realm

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa passages on death-process and post-mortem suffering (adjacent 2.32.121-122)

Characters & Entities
P
Pretas

FAQs

This verse highlights the distress associated with embodied existence and the post-death transitional condition, motivating dharmic living and the timely performance of rites meant to relieve the departed.

By stating the certainty of death and listing intense hunger, thirst, heat, and fainting, it frames the preta-phase as a vulnerable journey marked by deprivation, which later verses contextualize within the broader after-death passage and its remedies.

Remember mortality, reduce harm and excess, and support ethical living; for families, it reinforces the value of performing prescribed post-death rites (as taught in the text) with sincerity and regularity.

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