Shloka 34

Preta-bhāva: Causes, Remedies, and the Rationale of Post-death Rites

Question-Catalogue

विप्रस्य ब्राह्मणी भार्या संगृही ता यदा भवेत् / तस्मात्पापाच्च भीतो ऽहं तन्मे वद जगत्पते / सर्वमेतन्मया पृष्टो वद लोकहिताय वै

viprasya brāhmaṇī bhāryā saṃgṛhī tā yadā bhavet / tasmātpāpācca bhīto 'haṃ tanme vada jagatpate / sarvametanmayā pṛṣṭo vada lokahitāya vai

ഒരു ബ്രാഹ്മണന്റെ ബ്രാഹ്മണീ ഭാര്യയെ മറ്റൊരാൾ പിടിച്ചു പാർപ്പിച്ചാൽ, ആ പാപത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് ഞാൻ ഭയപ്പെടുന്നു. അതിനാൽ, ഹേ ജഗത്പതേ! അതെനിക്ക് പറയുക. ലോകഹിതത്തിനായി തന്നെയാണ് ഞാൻ ഇതെല്ലാം ചോദിച്ചത്—ദയവായി വിശദീകരിക്കൂ.

विप्रस्यof a Brahmin
विप्रस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
ब्राह्मणीa Brahmin woman
ब्राह्मणी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; (ब्राह्मणी-भार्या = apposition)
संगृहीtaken/kept (as)
संगृही:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + ग्रह् (धातु) → संगृहीत (कृदन्त)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्तान्त कृदन्त (PPP) — ‘संगृहीता’ इत्यर्थे पाठरूप ‘संगृही’
ताshe/that (woman)
ता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; संकेत/अनुवादक सर्वनाम
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)
भवेत्would be / happens
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तस्मात्from that/therefore
तस्मात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
पापात्from sin
पापात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootभी (धातु) → भीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त/PPP)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्तान्त कृदन्त
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; निर्देश/अनुवादक
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी (6th/4th) एकवचन; एन्क्लिटिक रूप (to me/of me)
वदtell
वद:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
जगत्पतेO Lord of the world
जगत्पते:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (जगतः पतिः)
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
मयाby me
मया:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
पृष्टः(you are) asked
पृष्टः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु) → पृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त/PPP)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्तान्त कृदन्त; (सम्बोधन-प्रसङ्गे ‘त्वं पृष्टः’ इत्यर्थः)
वदtell
वद:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
लोकहितायfor the welfare of the world
लोकहिताय:
Sampradana (Purpose/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootलोकहित (प्रातिपदिक: लोक + हित)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (लोकस्य हितम्)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)

Garuda (Vinata-putra), addressing Lord Vishnu

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Concept: Sexual misconduct and violation of protected relationships are severe adharma; inquiry is framed as loka-hita (public moral welfare).

Vedantic Theme: Control of kāma as part of dharma leading to inner purification; harm to others intensifies karmic bondage.

Application: Maintain consent, fidelity, and respect for relationships; avoid exploitation; cultivate restraint and seek counsel/atonement when boundaries are violated.

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Related Themes: Garuda Purana dharma/prāyaścitta passages on sexual misconduct; Pretakalpa consequences for kāma-related sins.

G
Garuda
V
Vishnu
B
Brahmana
B
Brahmani

FAQs

This verse frames a grave adharma—taking another man’s wife—as a serious pāpa whose consequences are relevant to after-death accountability taught in the Preta Kanda.

Garuda’s fear of pāpa signals that actions like violating marital and social dharma have karmic repercussions that are later described in terms of judgment and suffering after death.

Uphold marital fidelity, respect consent and social boundaries, and avoid exploiting others—ethical restraint is presented as a safeguard against severe karmic outcomes.