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Shloka 12

Explanation of the Sapiṇḍana Rite; Causes of Pretahood; Viṣṇu Worship and Preta-ghaṭa Dāna

Devanagari script

क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठो नृपतिः श्रमसन्तापमूर्छितः / जलस्थानं समासाद्य साश्व एवावगाहत

Transliteration

kṣutkṣāmakaṇṭho nṛpatiḥ śramasantāpamūrchitaḥ / jalasthānaṃ samāsādya sāśva evāvagāhata

Translation

വിശപ്പും ദാഹവും കൊണ്ട് കഴുത്ത് വരണ്ടു, ക്ഷീണവും ചൂടും മൂലം മൂർച്ചിച്ച രാജാവ് ജലസ്ഥലത്തെത്തി, കുതിരയോടുകൂടി ഉടൻ വെള്ളത്തിലിറങ്ങി।

Word by Word
क्षुत्hunger
क्षुत्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)
क्षामemaciated
क्षाम:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (मध्यपद)
कण्ठःthroat/neck
कण्ठः:
Visheshya (Qualified noun/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootकण्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (उत्तरपद)
क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठःone whose throat was emaciated by hunger
क्षुत्क्षामकण्ठः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुत् + क्षाम + कण्ठ (प्रातिपदिक-समाहार)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-प्रायः (क्षुत्या क्षामः कण्ठः यस्य)
नृपतिःthe king
नृपतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
श्रमfatigue
श्रम:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-समासाङ्ग (अव्यक्त); समासपूर्वपद
सन्तापheat/affliction
सन्ताप:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ताप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-समासाङ्ग (अव्यक्त); समासमध्यपद
मूर्छितःfainted/overcome
मूर्छितः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमूर्छ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः
श्रमसन्तापमूर्छितःfainted due to fatigue and heat
श्रमसन्तापमूर्छितः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रम + सन्ताप + मूर्छित (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तृतीया/हेतु-तत्पुरुषार्थः (श्रम-सन्तापेन मूर्छितः)
जलwater
जल:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, समासाङ्ग (पूर्वपद)
स्थानम्place
स्थानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
जलस्थानम्a water-place (waterside/pool)
जलस्थानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजल + स्थान (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (जलस्य स्थानम्)
समासाद्यhaving approached
समासाद्य:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-आ-√सद् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्यय (absolutive), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having approached)
सwith
स:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासाङ्ग
अश्वःhorse
अश्वः:
Sahakari (Accompaniment/सहकारी)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासाङ्ग
साश्वःtogether with his horse
साश्वः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (अश्वः सह यस्य)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
अवगाहतentered/bathed (immersed)
अवगाहत:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√गाह् (धातु)
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Embodied life is vulnerable; one must seek timely refuge and sustain the body as an instrument for dharma.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-asadhana (body as means, not self); impermanence of bodily comfort.

Application: Attend to basic needs with moderation; in hardship, seek cooling, water, and rest rather than rash action.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha/pond/riverbank (generic जलाशय)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.27 (narrative sequence: fatigue → water → shade → encounter)

Characters & Entities
N
Nṛpati (King)
A
Aśva (Horse)

FAQs

This verse uses intense hunger, thirst, and heat to portray the distress that beings experience due to karmic conditions, emphasizing the urgency of dharma and proper rites that support the departed.

By depicting a king collapsing from hardship and seeking water, it mirrors the broader Preta Kanda theme: the post-death path is arduous, and relief is not guaranteed without merit and prescribed supports.

Cultivate dharmic living and compassion, and when appropriate follow traditional śrāddha/charity practices—especially offerings of water/food—remembering that actions have consequences and relief comes through merit and right conduct.

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