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Shloka 44

Haristuti-saṅgraha: Devatā–Ṛṣi Praṇāma, Nāma-māhātmya, and Vairāgya from Deha-āsakti

Devanagari script

वरुणात्पादहीनाश्च प्रवहाद्विगुणाधमाः / दक्षाच्छतावरा ज्ञेया मित्रात्तु द्विगुणाधिकाः

Transliteration

varuṇātpādahīnāśca pravahādviguṇādhamāḥ / dakṣācchatāvarā jñeyā mitrāttu dviguṇādhikāḥ

Translation

വരുണന്റെ അധീനരുമായി താരതമ്യത്തിൽ ചിലരെ പാദഹീനരെന്നു പറയുന്നു; ‘പ്രവഹ’ എന്ന നിലയിലുള്ളവരുമായി താരതമ്യത്തിൽ അവർ ഇരട്ടിയായി അധമർ. ദക്ഷന്റെ അധീനരുമായി താരതമ്യത്തിൽ അവർ നൂറിരട്ടി കൂടുതൽ ദാരുണരെന്നു അറിയണം; മിത്രന്റെ അധീനരുമായി താരതമ്യത്തിൽ വീണ്ടും ഇരട്ടിയായി അധികം കഠിനം.

Word by Word
वरुणात्from Varuṇa
वरुणात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन
पाद-हीनाःdeficient by a quarter
पाद-हीनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootपाद (प्रातिपदिक) + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तृतीया/तत्पुरुषार्थ (पादेन हीनाः = lacking by one quarter/foot)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
प्रवहात्from Pravaha
प्रवहात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
द्वि-गुण-अधमाःinferior by twofold
द्वि-गुण-अधमाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक) + अधम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (द्विगुणेन अधमाः = inferior by twofold)
दक्षात्from Dakṣa
दक्षात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
शत-अवराःinferior by a hundred
शत-अवराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootशत (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (शतेन अवराः = inferior by a hundred)
ज्ञेयाःare to be known
ज्ञेयाः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + य (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formविधिलिङ्गार्थक कृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्य); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय—'to be known/should be known'
मित्रात्from Mitra
मित्रात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (contrastive particle)
द्वि-गुण-अधिकाःgreater by twofold
द्वि-गुण-अधिकाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक) + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (द्विगुणेन अधिकाः = greater by twofold)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Consequences and states of deprivation are graded; suffering can intensify by orders of magnitude depending on the governing principle/domain.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala-niyati: lawful distribution of results; hierarchy of experiences within saṃsāra.

Application: Take small ethical lapses seriously; avoid actions that lead to escalating harm—seek timely correction and restraint.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic jurisdiction/realm-classification

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): graded results of karma and comparative descriptions of suffering in didactic sections

Characters & Entities
V
Varuna
P
Pravaha
D
Daksha
M
Mitra

FAQs

This verse presents a graded scale of suffering—measured as ‘twice’, ‘hundredfold’, and ‘twice again’—to emphasize that karmic results vary in intensity and are not uniform for all beings.

By naming successive authorities/regions (Varuṇa, Pravaha, Dakṣa, Mitra) and increasing severity, the verse implies a structured post-death order where outcomes intensify according to one’s deeds.

Treat actions as carrying proportionate consequences: practice restraint, truthfulness, and ethical conduct so that one’s karmic ‘account’ does not lead to harsher post-death experiences described in the Purana.

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