Shloka 87

Multi-form Manifestations, Indra–Kāma Incarnations, Pravāha, and the Twofold Buddhi

Sense-Discipline and Exclusive Refuge in Viṣṇu

जीवं यं वै प्रेरयन्ती कनिष्ठा काम्यं धर्मं कुरुते सर्वदापि / क्व ब्राह्मणाः क्व च विष्णुर्महात्मा क्व वै कथा क्व च यज्ञाः क्वगावः

jīvaṃ yaṃ vai prerayantī kaniṣṭhā kāmyaṃ dharmaṃ kurute sarvadāpi / kva brāhmaṇāḥ kva ca viṣṇurmahātmā kva vai kathā kva ca yajñāḥ kvagāvaḥ

കനിഷ്ഠ പ്രേരണയാൽ നയിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ജീവൻ എപ്പോഴും കാമ്യധർമ്മം തന്നെ ചെയ്യുന്നു. എന്നാൽ സത്യബ്രാഹ്മണർ എവിടെ? മഹാത്മാവായ വിഷ്ണു എവിടെ? പുണ്യകഥ എവിടെ? യജ്ഞങ്ങൾ എവിടെ—ഗോവുകൾ എവിടെ?

jīvamthe living being
jīvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
yamwhom
yam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन), Relative pronoun
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक अव्यय)
prerayantīimpelling, urging
prerayantī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootpra + īr (धातु) → preray (णिजन्त causative) + śatṛ
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); Present active participle (शतृ) of causative √preray (from √īr)
kaniṣṭhāthe younger (buddhi)
kaniṣṭhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkaniṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
kāmyamdesire-motivated, for gain
kāmyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāmya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies dharmam
dharmamduty/rite
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
kurutedoes, performs
kurute:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
sarvadāalways
sarvadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (समुच्चय/अपि-प्रयोग)
kvawhere?
kva:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
brāhmaṇāḥBrahmins
brāhmaṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
kvawhere?
kva:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
viṣṇuḥViṣṇu
viṣṇuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
mahātmāthe great-souled one
mahātmā:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/उपाधि)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
kvawhere?
kva:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक)
kathāsacred discourse/story
kathā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkathā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
kvawhere?
kva:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
yajñāḥsacrifices
yajñāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
kvawhere?
kva:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण/प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkva (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb (प्रश्नवाचक अव्यय)
gāvaḥcows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Kāmya-dharma (desire-motivated religiosity) displaces genuine brahminhood, Viṣṇu devotion, sacred discourse, yajña, and protection of cows.

Vedantic Theme: Preyas masquerading as dharma eclipses śreyas; dharma without purity of intention becomes bondage-producing karma.

Application: Examine whether religious acts are transactional; prioritize sattvic intention, scriptural study, compassion (including go-sevā), and Viṣṇu-smaraṇa over mere wish-fulfillment rites.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.28.86 (contrast of kaniṣṭhā vs steadiness); Garuda Purana 3.28.88-90 (examples of misdirected substitutes and protective rites)

J
Jiva
V
Vishnu
B
Brahmanas
Y
Yajna
G
Gavaḥ (cows)

FAQs

This verse critiques kāmya-dharma—religious acts done for personal gain—showing that such motivation eclipses higher aims like devotion to Viṣṇu, true learning, and selfless dharma.

It indicates that the jīva is often propelled by lower impulses, leading to actions shaped by desire; the implied corrective is a shift toward Viṣṇu-centered conduct, genuine teaching (kathā), and sattvic duties.

Examine motives behind “religious” actions: prioritize integrity, selfless charity (including care for animals), study of sacred teachings, and remembrance of Viṣṇu over merit-seeking rituals.