Shloka 49

Multi-form Manifestations, Indra–Kāma Incarnations, Pravāha, and the Twofold Buddhi

Sense-Discipline and Exclusive Refuge in Viṣṇu

Devanagari script

यस्मादुत्कृष्टो हरिरत्र सम्यगतो ह्यसौ बुधवन्नाम चाप / सखा ह्यभूत्कृष्णदेवस्य नित्यं महामतिः सर्वलोकेषु पुज्वः

Transliteration

yasmādutkṛṣṭo hariratra samyagato hyasau budhavannāma cāpa / sakhā hyabhūtkṛṣṇadevasya nityaṃ mahāmatiḥ sarvalokeṣu pujvaḥ

Translation

ഇവിടെ ഹരി സമ്യകമായി പരമോന്നതനായി പ്രത്യക്ഷപ്പെട്ടതിനാൽ അദ്ദേഹം ‘ബുധവാൻ’ എന്ന നാമത്താലും പ്രസിദ്ധനായി. അദ്ദേഹം നിത്യവും കൃഷ്ണദേവന്റെ സഖാവായി—മഹാമതിയും സർവ്വലോകപൂജ്യനും ആയിരുന്നു।

Word by Word

• yasmāt: because/from which
• yasmāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; relative pronoun

• utkṛṣṭaḥ: excellent/superior
• utkṛṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: utkṛṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛṣ with ut-)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; past passive participle used adjectivally

• hariḥ: Hari (Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)
• hariḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• samyak: properly/fully
• samyak: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (रीतिवाचक-अव्यय)

• ataḥ: therefore
• ataḥ: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय), consequential ‘therefore’

• hi: indeed
• hi: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• asau: he
• asau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adas (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• budhavat-nāma: named ‘Budhavat’
• budhavat-nāma: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: budhavat (प्रातिपदिक) + nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (बुधवत् इति नाम यस्य)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• āpa: obtained/received
• āpa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular

• sakhā: friend
• sakhā: Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sakhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• hi: indeed
• hi: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• abhūt: was/became
• abhūt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular

• kṛṣṇa-devasya: of Lord Kṛṣṇa
• kṛṣṇa-devasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular; कर्मधारयः (कृष्णः एव देवः)

• nityam: always
• nityam: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nityam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• mahā-matiḥ: great-minded
• mahā-matiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; कर्मधारयः (महती मतिः)

• sarva-lokeṣu: in all worlds
• sarva-lokeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural; तत्पुरुषः (सर्वेषु लोकेषु)

• pujvaḥ: illustrious (reading uncertain)
• pujvaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pujva (प्रातिपदिक; rare/uncertain)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; rare form—context suggests ‘pure/bright/renowned’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrative voice addressing Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Hari’s supremacy (paratva) is the ground for devotion; sakhya-bhāva (friendship) is a legitimate, exalted devotional relationship.

Vedantic Theme: Bhagavān as the Supreme Reality manifesting in accessible form; relational bhakti as a means to stabilize the mind in the Absolute.

Application: Cultivate steady devotion through friendly intimacy—regular conversation-prayer, trust, and remembrance of Kṛṣṇa as closest companion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Geographic Context

Type: avatāra-līlā setting (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.28 (names/epithets and roles of divine associates)

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Vishnu)
• Kṛṣṇadeva
• Budhavan

FAQs

What is the importance of Hari being called 'Budhavan' in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links Hari’s supremacy with the epithet “Budhavan,” emphasizing him as the embodiment of highest wisdom and right order (dharma), hence universally venerable.

How does this verse connect devotion with dharma in the Garuda Purana narrative?

By portraying Hari as supremely manifested and revered across worlds, the verse frames devotion (bhakti) as aligned with right understanding and righteous living.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate steadiness in devotion and friendship grounded in virtue—honor wisdom, act consistently (nityam), and live in a way that earns respect through dharmic conduct.